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Author: Abbe Barruel Publisher: Abbe Barruel ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 1187
Book Description
“We say OCCULT KODGES , as the Freemasons in general were far from being acquainted with the confpiracies of tlie Occult Lodges ; and indeed many were not people to be tampered with. It might be objefted, that all lodges were occult : with regard to the public they were fo ; but besides the common lodges, there existed others which were hidden from the generality of the Freemafons. It is those which the author styles A R R I É R E S LOGES , and that we have tranflatcd by OCCULT LODGES
Author: Abbe Barruel Publisher: Abbe Barruel ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 1187
Book Description
“We say OCCULT KODGES , as the Freemasons in general were far from being acquainted with the confpiracies of tlie Occult Lodges ; and indeed many were not people to be tampered with. It might be objefted, that all lodges were occult : with regard to the public they were fo ; but besides the common lodges, there existed others which were hidden from the generality of the Freemafons. It is those which the author styles A R R I É R E S LOGES , and that we have tranflatcd by OCCULT LODGES
Author: Jonathan Israel Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400849993 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 883
Book Description
How the Radical Enlightenment inspired and shaped the French Revolution Historians of the French Revolution used to take for granted what was also obvious to its contemporary observers—that the Revolution was shaped by the radical ideas of the Enlightenment. Yet in recent decades, scholars have argued that the Revolution was brought about by social forces, politics, economics, or culture—almost anything but abstract notions like liberty or equality. In Revolutionary Ideas, one of the world's leading historians of the Enlightenment restores the Revolution’s intellectual history to its rightful central role. Drawing widely on primary sources, Jonathan Israel shows how the Revolution was set in motion by radical eighteenth-century doctrines, how these ideas divided revolutionary leaders into vehemently opposed ideological blocs, and how these clashes drove the turning points of the Revolution. In this compelling account, the French Revolution stands once again as a culmination of the emancipatory and democratic ideals of the Enlightenment. That it ended in the Terror represented a betrayal of those ideas—not their fulfillment.
Author: James H. Billington Publisher: Transaction Publishers ISBN: 0765804719 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 694
Book Description
This book traces the origins of a faith--perhaps the faith of the century. Modern revolutionaries are believers, no less committed and intense than were Christians or Muslims of an earlier era. What is new is the belief that a perfect secular order will emerge from forcible overthrow of traditional authority. This inherently implausible idea energized Europe in the nineteenth century, and became the most pronounced ideological export of the West to the rest of the world in the twentieth century. Billington is interested in revolutionaries--the innovative creators of a new tradition. His historical frame extends from the waning of the French Revolution in the late eighteenth century to the beginnings of the Russian Revolution in the early twentieth century. The theater was Europe of the industrial era; the main stage was the journalistic offices within great cities such as Paris, Berlin, London, and St. Petersburg. Billington claims with considerable evidence that revolutionary ideologies were shaped as much by the occultism and proto-romanticism of Germany as the critical rationalism of the French Enlightenment. The conversion of social theory to political practice was essentially the work of three Russian revolutions: in 1905, March 1917, and November 1917. Events in the outer rim of the European world brought discussions about revolution out of the school rooms and press rooms of Paris and Berlin into the halls of power. Despite his hard realism about the adverse practical consequences of revolutionary dogma, Billington appreciates the identity of its best sponsors, people who preached social justice transcending traditional national, ethnic, and gender boundaries. When this book originally appeared The New Republic hailed it as "remarkable, learned and lively," while The New Yorker noted that Billington "pays great attention to the lives and emotions of individuals and this makes his book absorbing." It is an invaluable work of history and contribution to our understanding of political life.
Author: Gabriel Paquette Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107328594 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
As the British, French and Spanish Atlantic empires were torn apart in the Age of Revolutions, Portugal steadily pursued reforms to tie its American, African and European territories more closely together. Eventually, after a period of revival and prosperity, the Luso-Brazilian world also succumbed to revolution, which ultimately resulted in Brazil's independence from Portugal. The first of its kind in the English language to examine the Portuguese Atlantic World in the period from 1750 to 1850, this book reveals that despite formal separation, the links and relationships that survived the demise of empire entwined the historical trajectories of Portugal and Brazil even more tightly than before. From constitutionalism to economic policy to the problem of slavery, Portuguese and Brazilian statesmen and political writers laboured under the long shadow of empire as they sought to begin anew and forge stable post-imperial orders on both sides of the Atlantic.
Author: Abbe Barruel
Author: Abbe Barruel
Author: abbé Barruel
Author: New York Public Library. Rare Book Division
Author: George Oliver
Author: abbé Barruel
Author: Jonathan Israel
Author: James H. Billington
Author: Hippolyte Taine
Author: Edmund Burke
Author: Gabriel Paquette