Pour une médecine évolutionniste. Une nouvelle vision de la santé PDF Download

Author: Robert Perlman
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191637807
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 324

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Book Description
Evolution and Medicine provides an accessible introduction to the new field of evolutionary medicine. Evolutionary concepts help explain why we remain vulnerable to disease, how pathogens and cancer cells evolve, and how the diseases that affected our evolutionary ancestors have shaped our biology. The book interweaves the presentation of evolutionary principles with examples that illustrate how an evolutionary perspective enhances our understanding of disease. It discusses the theory of evolution by natural selection, the genetic basis of evolutionary change, evolutionary life history theory, and host-pathogen coevolution, and uses these concepts to provide new insights into diseases such as cystic fibrosis, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, and malaria, incorporating the latest research in rapidly developing fields such as epigenetics and the study of the human microbiome. The book concludes with a discussion of the ways in which recent, culturally constructed changes in the human environment are increasing the prevalence of man-made diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and are exacerbating socioeconomic disparities in health. Just as evolutionary biology is concerned with populations and with changes in populations over time, evolutionary medicine is concerned with the health of populations. Evolution and Medicine emphasizes the role of demographic processes in evolution and disease, and stresses the importance of improving population health as a strategy for improving the health of individuals. This accessible text is written primarily for physicians, biomedical scientists, and both premedical and medical students, and will appeal to all readers with a background or interest in medicine.

Author: Peter D. Gluckman
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199663939
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 401

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A new updated edition of the first integrated and comprehensive textbook to explain the principles of evolutionary biology from a medical perspective and to focus on how medicine and public health might utilise evolutionary biology.

Author: Luc Perino
Publisher: Média Diffusion
ISBN: 2021223434
Category : Science
Languages : fr
Pages : 448

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Book Description
Cet ouvrage fondateur élargit l'éventail de nos conceptions de la santé et des maladies. Voici à peine vingt ans que les biologistes de l'évolution et les médecins ont tenté un timide rapprochement. Aujourd'hui, qu'il s'agisse des troubles digestifs, articulaires, psychiques, des maladies infectieuses ou du cancer, de la physiologie du sexe et de la reproduction, il n'est guère de domaine médical qui ne prenne à la lumière de l'évolution des aspects novateurs, voire révolutionnaires. Introduire la théorie de l'évolution en médecine clinique, c'est faire le lien entre l'histoire de la vie et les histoires personnelles, entre les facteurs individuels et les facteurs environnementaux. Cette interdisciplinarité est en passe d'avoir des répercussions considérables sur la pensée médicale, les politiques sanitaires et la thérapeutique. Une telle approche éclaire, exemples parmi d'autres, les risques de nouvelles épidémies, les débats sur la vaccination, la progression de l'obésité, l'impact des nouvelles pratiques d'accouchement, etc. Fondé sur les travaux de recherche les plus récents, ce livre est le premier à offrir un large panorama des perspectives ainsi ouvertes. Il devrait avoir un effet marquant sur la culture médicale commune. Au-delà du corps médical et des professionnels de santé, évidemment concernés au premier chef, chacun, soucieux de sa santé, y trouvera de quoi transformer sa vision. Luc Perino est docteur en médecine, diplômé de médecine tropicale et d'épidémiologie. Auteur de plusieurs ouvrages de vulgarisation, il enseigne à la faculté de médecine de Lyon, où il vient de contribuer à la mise en place d'un diplôme universitaire intitulé " Biologie de l'évolution et médecine " avec le laboratoire d'excellence Ecofect. Fort de sa longue pratique de clinicien, il mène une très remarquable activité de partage des connaissances médicales, notamment grâce à son site www.lucperino.com.

Author: Frédéric Thomas
Publisher: Le Cavalier Bleu Editions
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : fr
Pages : 115

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Book Description
Discipline relativement récente, la médecine évolutionniste s’appuie sur l’approche darwinienne de la sélection naturelle pour comprendre comment celle-ci agit sur l’évolution du corps humain et de ses pathologies. Alimentation, maladies infectieuses, cancers, maladies mentales, procréation, sommeil, sénescence... autant de domaines dans lesquels une approche évolutive peut influencer la médecine (différence entre les femmes et les hommes, adaptations locales, etc.). Comme toutes les disciplines nouvelles, la médecine évolutionniste suscite des débats parfois vifs, voire idéologiques, alimentés par de nombreuses idées reçues. Au travers d’explications précises et d’exemples concrets, Frédéric Thomas et Michel Raymond nous font découvrir la médecine sous un jour différent et passionnant.

Author: Christian Frelin
Publisher: Lavoisier
ISBN: 2257204239
Category : Clinical biochemistry
Languages : fr
Pages : 195

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Author: Jeremy Taylor
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022605991X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 261

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Book Description
This exploration of cutting-edge evolutionary medicine and how our body’s performance is shaped by its past “covers fascinating territory” (Publishers Weekly). We think of medical science and doctors as focused on treating conditions—whether it’s a cough or an aching back. But the sicknesses and complaints that cause us to seek medical attention actually have deeper origins than the superficial germs and behaviors we regularly fault. In fact, as Jeremy Taylor shows in Body by Darwin, we can trace the roots of many medical conditions through our evolutionary history, revealing what has made us susceptible to certain illnesses and ailments over time and how we can use that knowledge to help treat or prevent problems in the future. In Body by Darwin, Taylor examines the evolutionary origins of some of our most common and serious health issues. To begin, he looks at the hygiene hypothesis, which argues that our obsession with anti-bacterial cleanliness, particularly at a young age, may be making us more vulnerable to autoimmune and allergic diseases. He also discusses diseases of the eye, the medical consequences of bipedalism as they relate to all those aches and pains in our backs and knees, the rise of Alzheimer’s disease, and how cancers become so malignant that they kill us despite the toxic chemotherapy we throw at them. Taylor explains why it helps to think about heart disease in relation to the demands of an ever-growing, dense, muscular pump that requires increasing amounts of nutrients, and he discusses how walking upright and giving birth to ever larger babies led to a problematic compromise in the design of the female spine and pelvis. Throughout, he not only explores the impact of evolution on human form and function, but integrates science with stories from actual patients and doctors, closely examining the implications for our health. “Seven vivid true stories dramatically describing patients and their doctors discovering evolutionary explanations for diseases. More than just the perfect book club book, it advances the field of evolutionary medicine.” —Randolph M. Nesse, coauthor of Why We Get Sick

Author: Martin Brüne
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019250679X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1225

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Book Description
Medicine is grounded in the natural sciences, where biology stands out with regard to our understanding of human physiology and the conditions that cause dysfunction. Ironically though, evolutionary biology is a relatively disregarded field. One reason for this omission is that evolution is deemed a slow process. Indeed, the macroanatomical features of our species have changed very little in the last 300,000 years. A more detailed look, however, reveals that novel ecological contingencies, partly in relation to cultural evolution, have brought about subtle changes pertaining to metabolism and immunology, including adaptations to dietary innovations, as well as adaptations to the exposure to novel pathogens. Rapid pathogen evolution and evolution of cancer cells cause major problems for the immune system. Moreover, many adaptations to past ecologies have actually turned into risk factors for somatic disease and psychological disorder in our modern worlds (i.e. mismatch), among which epidemics of autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity, as well as several forms of cancer stand out. One could add depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric conditions to the list. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is a compilation of up-to-date insights into the evolutionary history of ourselves as a species, exploring how and why our evolved design may convey vulnerability to disease. Written in a classic textbook style emphasising physiology and pathophysiology of all major organ systems, the Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Medicine is valuable reading for students as well as scholars in the fields of medicine, biology, anthropology and psychology.

Author: Stephen C. Stearns
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192871994
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 401

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Book Description
Evolutionary thinking provides insights into many different areas in the research and practice of medicine and public health. It takes specialties such as medical microbiology, epidemiology, oncology, gynecology, and psychiatry that had become increasingly siloed and places them in a larger framework. This foundational structure enables students to view medical knowledge as an integrated whole, underpinned by general principles rather than a loose collection of disparate facts. The discipline of evolutionary medicine continues to advance rapidly as new results come in showing where the insights pay off and where they do not. Its conceptual foundations have also been strengthened in papers not yet reflected in the textbooks, so a new edition is therefore timely. At the same time, the teaching of evolutionary medicine has also been steadily gaining momentum both in courses that prepare undergraduates for medical school in North America and in other contexts worldwide. Evolutionary Medicine is intended for undergraduate students preparing for careers in medicine and public health, students in schools of medicine and public health, and medical professionals curious about the insights that evolutionary thinking can bring to their field. It will also be relevant to students and researchers in the fields of evolutionary biology, anthropology, developmental biology, and genetics. It highlights the most important insights in a relatively brief and compelling book that does not attempt encyclopedic coverage of a rapidly changing field.

Author: Bernard Swynghedauw
Publisher: Armando Editore
ISBN: 9782804119041
Category : Medical
Languages : fr
Pages : 372

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Book Description
Comprendre le fait médical à travers l'évolution biologique, réconcilier la médecine avec ce que la biologie a de plus essentiel est une démarche récente. Quelques pionniers l'ont entreprise. Par ailleurs, enseigner l'évolution n'est pas entré dans les mœurs pédagogiques universitaires. Cet ouvrage veut combler un vide, celui qui concerne la littérature francophone, et contribuer à l'introduction de cette notion majeure qu’est l’évolution dans l'enseignement médical, vétérinaire, pharmaceutique, mais aussi en biologie fondamentale. Il s’adresse à tous les professionnels de la santé humaine ou animale ainsi qu’aux biologistes. Les informations biologiques n'ont de sens que dans le cadre de l'évolution et recadrer le fait médical à ce niveau est un des moyens de classer et de hiérarchiser le torrent d'informations biologiques qui submerge actuellement aussi bien le physio-pathologiste que le praticien au lit de son malade. La médecine évolutionniste est une manière transversale de mieux comprendre le fait médical, elle permet d’isoler un certain nombre de mécanismes essentiels, très anciens, produits des relations entre génome et environnement. Cette démarche est riche en conséquences cliniques et thérapeutiques. Ce livre tente de ramener la médecine dans le giron de l'évolution biologique, ce qui parait être une démarche essentielle à la compréhension de la physiopathologie. Cette démarche, d’abord médicale, concernera prioritairement l'espèce humaine. De ce fait, ce micro-événement qu'est, à l'échelle de l'évolution, l'évolution de l'homme, se trouvera hypertrophiée.

Author: Ozan Altinok
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031457668
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 197

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Book Description
This book analyses the concept of disease, as defined in the context of evolutionary medicine. Upon introducing the reader to evolutionary medicine in its current form and describing its approach to disease instances, the book leverages thoughts and instruments of knowledge of epistemology, social sciences, and ethics to answer the question: “How can we build a timely and appropriate concept of disease?” At first, it looks at the social concerns of medicalization, for example focusing on the suffering of people who have not been diagnosed, or whose suffering is not caused by certain elements that falls under the definitions of disease. In turn, it merges different, both conceptual and empirical considerations in one comprehensive analysis, with the aim of fostering a multidisciplinary understanding of the phenomenon of disease. This book also highlights certain kinds of epistemic injustices that are taking place in the healthcare system, as this is currently conceived in post-industrial societies, thus offering a timely contribution to the current debate around social justice in healthcare.