Author: Sana KaramPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Book Description
Mechanisms of Pattern Formation in the Developing Cerebellum
Author: Sana KaramPattern Formation in the Cerebellum
Author: Carol ArmstrongPublisher: Biota Publishing
ISBN: 1615044574
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 139
Book Description
Pattern formation has fascinated biologists since the time of Aristotle, but only recently have new tools begun to reveal the underlying mechanisms that create these patterns during development. In particular, the central nervous system is dynamically patterned and highly modular, ranging from nuclear cell clusters in the brain stem and spinal cord to the elaborate cytoarchitecture of the neocortex. Similar developmental processes divide brain structures such as the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, superior colliculus, and cerebellum into these sub-compartments. The way neural modules form and the mechanisms that establish connectivity between these modules is one of the most complex problems in neuroscience and also one of the most important. This monograph focuses on pattern formation in the developing cerebellum. Table of Contents: Background and Rationale / Overview of Cerebellar Organization / The Modular Cerebellum / Overview of Cerebellar Development / Establishment and Organization of the Cerebellar Anlage / Development and Patterning of Purkinje Cells / Development and Patterning of Granule Cells / Development of Afferent Projections / Patterning of Other Cells in the Cerebellum: Inhibitory Interneurons, Unipolar Brush Cells, and Glia / Neural Cell Death in Normal Development / Conclusion and Summary / Author Biographies
Molecular Biology of the Cell
Author: From Neurons to Neighborhoods
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309069882
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 610
Book Description
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Pattern Formation In Biology, Vision And Dynamics
Author: Alessandra CarbonePublisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814495182
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Book Description
Half a billion years of evolution have turned the eye into an unbelievable pattern detector. Everything we perceive comes in delightful multicolored forms. Now, in the age of science, we want to comprehend what and why we see.Two dozen outstanding biologists, chemists, physicists, psychologists, computer scientists and mathematicians met at the Institut d'Hautes Etudes Scientifiques in Bures-sur-Yvette, France. They expounded their views on the physical, biological and physiological mechanisms creating the tapestry of patterns we see in molecules, plants, insects, seashells, and even the human brain. This volume comprises surveys of different aspects of pattern formation and recognition, and is aimed at the scientifically minded reader.
Discovering the Brain
Author: National Academy of SciencesPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309045290
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 195
Book Description
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Development Neuropsychobiology
Author: William GreenoughPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323147844
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 506
Book Description
Developmental NeuroPsychobiology reviews a variety of topics related to developmental neuropsychobiology, a discipline that encompasses developmental neuroscience and developmental psychobiology. This book discusses embryonic mechanisms and embryogenesis as well as sexual differentiation of the brain, synaptic plasticity, and parent-offspring relationships. The development of olfactory control over behavior is also discussed. This book is comprised of 16 chapters and begins with an analysis of intrinsic mechanisms, including those underlying expression of pattern information at the cellular level and pattern formation in the vertebrate visual system. The next chapters also deal with pattern, but at a higher order, focusing upon the implications of the establishment of systems and how the sequences whereby these systems become established are manifested in the development of behavior. The morphogenetic role of neurotransmitters in embryonic development is also considered, along with structural and functional sexual dimorphisms in the brain and how steroid hormones alter brain organization. The final chapter evaluates previous models of the forces driving parent-offspring relations and offers an alternative view in which both infant-infant interactions and offspring-parent interactions result in mutually beneficial outcomes. This monograph is intended for advanced workers in the biological and/or psychological sciences.
Mouse Brain Development
Author: Andre M. GoffinetPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540480021
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 347
Book Description
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mammalian brain development remains limited. However, the last few years have wit nessed a quantum leap in our knowledge, due to technological improve ments, particularly in molecular genetics. Despite this progress, the available body of data remains mostly phenomenological and reveals very little about the grammar that organizes the molecular dictionary to articulate a pheno type. Nevertheless, the recent progress in genetics will allow us to contem plate, for the first time, the integration of observation into a coherent view of brain development. Clearly, this may be a major challenge for the next century, and arguably is the most important task of contemporary develop mental biology. The purpose of the present book is to provide an overview that syn thesizes up-to-date information on selected aspects of mouse brain devel opment. Given the format, it was not possible to cover all aspects of brain development, and many important subjects are missing. The selected themes are, to a certain extent, subjective and reflect the interests of the contributing authors. Examples of major themes that are not covered are peripheral nervous system development, including myelination, the development of the hippocampus and several other CNS structures, as well as the developmental function of some important morphoregulatory molecules.
Dynamic Patterns
Author: J. A. Scott KelsoPublisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262611312
Category : Behavior
Languages : en
Pages : 368
Book Description
foreword by Hermann Haken For the past twenty years Scott Kelso's research has focused on extending the physical concepts of self- organization and the mathematical tools of nonlinear dynamics to understand how human beings (and human brains) perceive, intend, learn, control, and coordinate complex behaviors. In this book Kelso proposes a new, general framework within which to connect brain, mind, and behavior.Kelso's prescription for mental life breaks dramatically with the classical computational approach that is still the operative framework for many newer psychological and neurophysiological studies. His core thesis is that the creation and evolution of patterned behavior at all levels--from neurons to mind--is governed by the generic processes of self-organization. Both human brain and behavior are shown to exhibit features of pattern-forming dynamical systems, including multistability, abrupt phase transitions, crises, and intermittency. Dynamic Patterns brings together different aspects of this approach to the study of human behavior, using simple experimental examples and illustrations to convey essential concepts, strategies, and methods, with a minimum of mathematics. Kelso begins with a general account of dynamic pattern formation. He then takes up behavior, focusing initially on identifying pattern-forming instabilities in human sensorimotor coordination. Moving back and forth between theory and experiment, he establishes the notion that the same pattern-forming mechanisms apply regardless of the component parts involved (parts of the body, parts of the nervous system, parts of society) and the medium through which the parts are coupled. Finally, employing the latest techniques to observe spatiotemporal patterns of brain activity, Kelso shows that the human brain is fundamentally a pattern forming dynamical system, poised on the brink of instability. Self-organization thus underlies the cooperative action of neurons that produces human behavior in all its forms.
Models of Biological Pattern Formation
Author: Hans MeinhardtPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 252
Book Description