Mechanisms of Invasion and Persistence of the Invasive Kelp Undaria Pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar Within Intertidal Areas of Southern New Zealand PDF Download

Author: Glen Andrew Thompson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intertidal ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 332

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Author: Kate James
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Invasive plants
Languages : en
Pages : 127

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Macroalgal invasions can change the structure and function of benthic habitat, dominating space, altering primary productivity, nutrient cycles, and community composition. This is a serious concern for receiving environments. A major determinant of the geographic distribution of macroalgal species is water temperature. Investigating the population ecology, genetic variation and factors controlling the density and spread of invasive macroalgae towards the extent of their thermal distribution limits can therefore provide important insights into the potential range and ecological impacts both now and with future climate change. The kelp Undaria pinnatifida is a prolific and cosmopolitan invasive species. Undaria has invaded countries around the world across a variety of temperature regimes. Undaria displays a variable phenology at introduced locations; it is a winter annual in its native range, but sporophyte presence can vary from annual to year-round across its invasive range. Information is lacking on how Undaria phenology and impacts manifest under warm-temperate conditions. This work studies Undaria in northern New Zealand, one of the warmest-water populations in the world. I investigated how water temperature influenced the phenology and distribution of Undaria. In addition I examined some attributes of the invasion process for warm-water populations; I looked at the role mussel aquaculture plays in influencing the spread of Undaria to native habitats, how disturbance might facilitate the spread of Undaria to subtidal reefs, and the genetic composition of populations in northern New Zealand. Monitoring over three growth seasons revealed how Undaria in northern New Zealand displayed an annual growth cycle. Recruitment occurred when temperatures dropped below ~15 oC and density was minimal at temperatures above 20 oC. Sporophyte size and growth rates were comparable to those of cooler water populations but the seasonal cycle was compressed into a shorter timeframe. Undaria was found to proliferate on mussel farms and low numbers were found on reefs adjacent to farms, in shallow habitats lacking native macroalgal canopies. Undaria was rare in deeper habitats dominated by native macroalgal canopies, experimental canopy removal did not facilitate the spread of Undaria into these habitats at the site examined. This suggests that native canopy-forming species are not the sole factor prohibiting the invasion of Undaria to subtidal reef sites in this region. Genetic analysis of Undaria from all known populations in the North Island revealed very low genetic diversity in northern New Zealand. The presence of a single haplotype in northeastern New Zealand may indicate a particularly warm-tolerant strain and suggests thermal preadaptation may influence invasion success. An investigation into the global distribution and associated phenology of Undaria, and how this related to water temperature regimes, demonstrated how Undaria only occurred where winter temperatures dropped below ~15 oC and that persistent year-round populations were only present at sites where summer temperatures did not exceed 20 oC. This analysis also revealed that there are extensive areas of the world where Undaria does not occur that have temperature regimes suitable for Undaria colonisation. Such areas are potentially at risk from future invasion based on current temperature regimes. These thermal limits for Undaria indicate that populations in northern New Zealand are towards the limit of its distribution, with winter temperatures close to 15 oC, Undaria is unable to withstand warmer winter temperatures. Ocean warming is likely to restrict the potential geographic distribution of Undaria, particularly where winter temperatures exceed 15 oC. Increases in summer temperatures, which prolong the period during the year when temperatures exceed 20 oC, will reduce the annual persistence of Undaria. A limited annual presence of sporophytes at warmer locations may reduce the ecological impacts of Undaria invasion as compared to cooler water locations where sporophytes persist for a longer portion of the year.

Author: Stephen J. Hawkins
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110841608X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 535

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A comprehensive account of how abiotic and biotic interactions shape patterns of coastal marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally.

Author: N. Clare Eno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bestemmelsesværk
Languages : en
Pages : 156

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Summarising knowledge, policies and legislation, this title suggests how threats to nature conservation can be minimised. The directory has an entry for each non-native plant or animal that has become established, describing the origin, date and method of introduction, rate of spread, actual and potential effects, and methods of control.

Author: Daniel Simberloff
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199922012
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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An analysis of the ecological and political impacts of invasive species, written by a leading invasion biologist

Author: Merle Bollen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Inger Wallentinus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiversity conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Author: Leonel Pereira
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466581670
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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This book is divided into three thematic areas. The first covers a revision of the taxonomy of algae, based on the algae portal, as well as the general aspects of biology and the methodologies used in this branch of marine biology. The second subject area focuses on the use of algae in environmental assessment, with an intensive implementation in Western economies and some emerging economies. The third topic is the potential use of algae in various industries including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, and the emerging biofuels industries.

Author: Zi-Min Hu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9401775346
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 398

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The book provides an overview of research on the remarkable diversity, adaptive genetic differentiation, and evolutionary complexity of intertidal macroalgae species. Through incorporating molecular data, ecological niche and model-based phylogeographic inference, this book presents the latest findings and hypotheses on the spatial distribution and evolution of seaweeds in the context of historical climate change (e.g. the Quaternary ice ages), contemporary global warming, and increased anthropogenic influences. The chapters in this book highlight past and current research on seaweed phylogeography and predict the future trends and directions. This book frames a number of research cases to review how biogeographic processes and interactive eco-genetic dynamics shaped the demographic histories of seaweeds, which furthermore enhances our understanding of speciation and diversification in the sea. Dr. Zi-Min Hu is an associate professor at Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China. Dr. Ceridwen Fraser is a senior lecturer at Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

Author: Bionda Morelissen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Undaria pinnatifida
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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