Measuring Avoidable Health Inequality with Realisation of Conditional Potential Life Years (RCPLY) PDF Download

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Languages : en
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Author: Dennis Petriea
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Life expectancy
Languages : en
Pages :

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"Recent papers have improved on using age-at-death to measure health inequality by creating a new indicator of health status, the Realization of Potential Life Years (RePLY), which takes into account avoidable and unavoidable mortality risks. This approach, however, estimates unavoidable mortality risks by using the lowest mortality risks for each age-sex group and thus benchmarking countries at different levels of development against the same mortality risk without considering their heterogeneity. The main objective of the current paper is to control for a country's national resources in estimating their (conditional) unavoidable and avoidable mortality risks. This allows the construction of a new indicator for health status -Realization of Conditional Potential Life Years (RCPLY). This paper presents and contrasts the empirical results for RePLY and RCPLY based on life tables for 167 countries from the year 2000, compiled by the World Health Organization"--Abstract.

Author: Stephen Duckett
Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN: 155339514X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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Universal healthcare, perhaps the most distinguishing feature of Canada's public policy, is under fire, criticized for its heavy expense and questionable sustainability. In Where to From Here?: Keeping Medicare Sustainable, Stephen Duckett defends Canadian Medicare, addressing key concerns and refuting criticism, while also acknowledging flaws in the system and room for improvement. Duckett argues that while the fundamentals of Medicare are sound, a great deal of change is necessary to keep it sustainable. This book envisions a Medicare that is not static and simply responsive to problems, but an active, shifting system that keeps up with the evolving needs of a rapidly changing time. Duckett systematically lays out proposals for incremental change across a range of areas including primary care, hospitals, and the health workforce. Where to From Here? Presents an unflinching defense of one of Canada's iconic policies, while keeping a clear eye on the future of the nation's health.

Author: Kamrul Islam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Rationale: In many countries, the potential health impact of the increasing trend in the absolute and relative proportion of elderly people in the population is one central issue of demographic transition. This increased number of aged individuals can have several influences on a society. These influences have attracted considerable attention in recent years; they include a higher demand for health care, reduced tax revenues, and a reduced labor supply. Changes in demographic composition may also impact social health inequality; however, although this issue may have important implications for social health inequality measures, it has received less attention in the literature. Aim: Attempts to explain the channels through population aging might affect socioeconomic health inequality. The empirical aspects of this study involved examining the impact of aging on measures of inequalities of health-related quality of life in a fixed population followed over a 17-year period. Methods: We used three panel waves (1980/81, 1988/89, 1996/97) of around two decades covering 3,310 Swedish individuals. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score or health state score as a measure of health were used to estimate the observed trend in health inequality, taking concentration index (CI) as a measure of health inequality. The decomposition procedure with the panel data fixed-effects model was used in an attempt to clarify the channels by which population aging affected health inequality over time. Results: Our results demonstrate that conventional unstandardized and age-gender-standardized CIs for health were positive in all three waves and increased as the cohorts became progressively older. Decomposition analyses indicated that health declined differently in different cohorts and also differently across income groups. A key finding is that through age-related income mobility, the relative income rankings reduction for the older cohort implies that the elderly people in lower health states tended to select to the poor group, which then drove the measured CIs upward. This may appear counterintuitive, since the main reason for changes in health over time is natural aging. This observation led us to carry out additional analyses of the observed health inequality, in which instead of current income we used the mean income (lifetime income) over time as the ranking variable and found that unstandardized CIs still increased, although not by as much as previously, and that the age-gender-standardized CIs were quite stable over time. Conclusion: It may appear that health system-relevant "avoidable inequalities" in health are rather constant in Sweden. The main reason for the observed increase in inequality based on current income ranking might be due to the fact that income is redistributed over the life cycle, and that old people in poor health are therefore selected into the poorer income groups. These results may also have implications for international comparisons of inequalities in health across countries, since countries with a system where old people's incomes are more heavily reduced after retirement may tend to have higher measured inequalities based on current income compared with countries with more moderate retirement income effects.

Author: Ernst B. Haas
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780268201685
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages : 642

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The University of Notre Dame Press is pleased to bring Ernst Haas's classic work on European integration, The Uniting of Europe, back into print. First published in 1958 and last printed in 1968, this seminal volume is the starting point for anyone interested in the pre-history of the European Union. Haas uses the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) as a case study of the community formation processes that occur across traditional national and state boundaries. Haas points to the ECSC as an example of an organization with the "power to redirect the loyalties and expectations of political actors." In this pathbreaking book Haas contends that, based on his observations of the actual integration process, the idea of a "united Europe" took root in the years immediately following World War II. His careful and rigorous analysis tracks the development of the ECSC, including, in his 1968 preface, a discussion of the eventual loss of the individual identity of the ECSC through its absorption into the new European Community. Featuring a new introduction by Haas analyzing the impact of his book over time, as well as an updated bibliography, The Uniting of Europe is a must-have for political scientists and historians of modern and contemporary Europe. This book is the inaugural volume of Notre Dame's new Contemporary European Politics and Society Series.

Author: Alex Callinicos
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781909026704
Category : Marxian economics
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Nir Eyal
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199931399
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Which inequalities in longevity and health among individuals, groups, and nations are unfair? And what priority should health policy attach to narrowing them? These essays by philosophers, economists, epidemiologists, and physicians attempt to determine how health inequalities should be conceptualized, measured, ranked, and evaluated.

Author: D.S. Prasada Rao
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1349235946
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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'An authoritative survey with exciting new insights of special interest to economists and econometricians who analyse intertemporal and interspatial price relationships.' - Professor Angus Maddison, Groningen University This book presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in the theory and construction of index numbers using the stochastic approach, demonstrating the versatility of this approach in handling various index number problems within a single conceptual framework. It also contains a brief, but complete, review of the existing approaches to index numbers with illustrative numerical examples. The stochastic approach considers the index number problem as a signal extraction problem. The strength and reliability of the signal extracted from price and quantity changes for different commodities depends upon the messages received and the information content of the messages. The most important applications of the new approach are to be found in the context of measuring rate of inflation; fixed and chain base index numbers for temporal comparisons and for spatial intercountry comparisons; the latter generally require special index number formulae that result in transitive and base invariant comparisons.

Author: Daniele Archibugi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111873906X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 629

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The Handbook of Global Science, Technology, and Innovation This unique Handbook provides an overview of the globalization of science, technology, and innovation, including global trends in the way knowledge is produced and distributed, the development of institutions, and global policy. It shows how technological change and innovation are shaped by the role of emerging countries in the generation of science and technological knowledge, and transnational corporations, and how reforms in intellectual property rights and world trade have been affected by the increasingly international flows of knowledge, technology, and innovation. The book provides an in-depth assessment of the themes and direction of science, technology, innovation, and public policy in an increasingly globalized world. With contributions from an international team of leading scholars, this cutting-edge reference work introduces readers to current debates about the role of science and technology in global society and the policy responses that shape its development. Comprising 28 specially commissioned chapters, the Handbook addresses major trends in global policy, including a significant shift toward private scientific research, the change in the distribution of science and technical knowledge, and a heightened awareness among policymakers of the economic and technological impact of scientific activity. Accessibly written, it provides an invaluable one-stop reference for students, social researchers, scientists, and policymakers alike.

Author: Timothy J. Coelli
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387242651
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Softcover version of the second edition Hardcover. Incorporates a new author, Dr. Chris O'Donnell, who brings considerable expertise to the project in the area of performance measurement. Numerous topics are being added and more applications using real data, as well as exercises at the end of the chapters. Data sets, computer codes and software will be available for download from the web to accompany the volume.