Measurement of Moisture Content and Density of Soil Masses Using Radioactivity Methods PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 50

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Author: American Society for Testing Materials. Committee E-10 on Radioisotopes and Radiation Effects. Subcommittee III on Tracer Applications
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN:
Category : Nondestructive testing
Languages : en
Pages : 119

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Author: Donald J. Belcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioisotopes
Languages : en
Pages : 13

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The need for convenient instruments to measure soil moisture and density in place in a quick, reliable, and possibly continuous manner has long been felt by soils engineers. This paper summarizes the work done up to this time by the Civil Aeronautics Administration and Cornell University on the nuclear meters that are designed to solve the problem. The method presented here makes use of the physical principles of the scattering of neutrons and gamma rays. A source of proper radiation, radium D-beryllium or cobalt 60, is contained in cylindrical probes along with a detector of slow neutrons or of gamma rays, respectively. The probe is inserted into the soil mass through a 1-in. diameter pipe, and the radiation penetrates the nearby soil and is scattered back toward the detector, the amount and character of the scattered radiation giving a measure of the characteristics. The design and testing of such probe meters that measure soils at depth and of the related surface meters that measure thin-layered soils are described in detail. With suitable care, the probe meters measure moisture to ±1 lb of water per cu ft, and measure density to ±5 lb of soil per cu ft. The surface meters are in an earlier experimental stage and are not so accurate. The time required to take a complete set of readings is about 15 min. Further laboratory and field testing is being conducted to perfect these meters to fulfill specific requirements of different engineering projects.

Author: Robert Horonjeff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Arnold Ivan Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 36

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Evaluates methods for measuring soil moisture and describes the equipment used.

Author: Robin P. Gardner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive gages
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Sources of error that have been identified on the gamma-ray soil density gauge are: (1) sensitivity to local density variations, especially at the soil surface, (2) sensitivity to soil composition, and (3) inaccurate calibration techniques. An attempt was made to solve these problems by developing for each gauge calibration models that enable stable and homogenous non-soil standards to be used for calibration. Calibration standards and calibration models for each gauge were found and tested. In the process of developing and testing the new nuclear gauge calibration model, the dual-gauge principal of compensating these gauges for variations in soil composition was discovered. The air-gap method of using this principal is explained and was optimized by using the calibration model developed in the current study.

Author: Donald Jenks Belcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gamma rays
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Shunil E. Roy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Author: Cornelius H. M. Van Bavel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Author: Thomas I. Csathy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear counters
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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