Measurement and Finite Element Modeling of the Non-composite Deflections of Steel Plate Girder Bridges PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The inability to accurately predict the non-composite steel girder deflections that occur during the deck construction of skewed and stage-constructed bridges is a problem that has resulted in many costly construction delays and maintenance and safety issues for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). In an effort to correct these problems, NCDOT has funded this research (Project Number 2004-14) that involves developing a simplified method of more accurately predicting the non-composite deflections of steel plate girder bridges. This study involved quantifying the inability to accurately predict the non-composite deflections of steel plate girders by measuring the deflections for several bridges in the field as the concrete deck was placed. By measuring the deflections as they occurred, the true non-composite deflection behavior of the bridge was captured and compared to the behavior predicted by the current analysis method used in the design. The current analysis method incorporates single girder line models to predict the non-composite girder deflections without accounting for any transverse distribution of the construction dead loads through the cross-frames that connect the girders. It was concluded from this study that the current analysis method over predicts the non-composite deflections by an average of 38 percent for the interior bridge girders and an average of 6 percent for the exterior girders. In order to more accurately represent the non-composite deflection behavior, detailed three dimensional finite element models were created for each of the actual bridges measured in the field. Parameters such as bridge skew, cross-frame stiffness, stay-in-place metal deck forms, and partial composite action were considered in the development of the finite element models. These models more accurately represented the torsional behavior of the bridge girders and allowed dead loads to be distributed transversely via the cross-frames used to connect th.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The inability to accurately predict the non-composite steel girder deflections that occur during the deck construction of skewed and stage-constructed bridges is a problem that has resulted in many costly construction delays and maintenance and safety issues for the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT). In an effort to correct these problems, NCDOT has funded this research (Project Number 2004-14) that involves developing a simplified method of more accurately predicting the non-composite deflections of steel plate girder bridges. This study involved quantifying the inability to accurately predict the non-composite deflections of steel plate girders by measuring the deflections for several bridges in the field as the concrete deck was placed. By measuring the deflections as they occurred, the true non-composite deflection behavior of the bridge was captured and compared to the behavior predicted by the current analysis method used in the design. The current analysis method incorporates single girder line models to predict the non-composite girder deflections without accounting for any transverse distribution of the construction dead loads through the cross-frames that connect the girders. It was concluded from this study that the current analysis method over predicts the non-composite deflections by an average of 38 percent for the interior bridge girders and an average of 6 percent for the exterior girders. In order to more accurately represent the non-composite deflection behavior, detailed three dimensional finite element models were created for each of the actual bridges measured in the field. Parameters such as bridge skew, cross-frame stiffness, stay-in-place metal deck forms, and partial composite action were considered in the development of the finite element models. These models more accurately represented the torsional behavior of the bridge girders and allowed dead loads to be distributed transversely via the cross-frames used to connect th.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Many of today's bridge construction projects are erected in stages to limit traffic interruptions or to minimize environmental impacts. Typically, one half of the bridge superstructure is constructed in the first stage and the other half constructed in the second stage. The final stage is to cast a closure strip to join the deck slabs of the two structures together. Due to the inability of current analysis methods to accurately predict the non-composite dead load deflection for steel plate girder bridge during construction, three-dimensional finite element bridge models have been developed to more accurately predict the bridge behavior. However, the bridge engineer must first consider the complexity of and the time spent modeling bridges in this way. The objective of this research is to develop a simplified modeling method to predict the non-composite dead load deflections of the steel plate bridge girder. The study is focused on creating a modeling method for both single span and two-span continuous bridges. Parameters such as bridge skew, cross-frame stiffness, and stay-in-place metal deck forms were considered in the development of the simplified models. By measuring the deflections in the field during the construction, the true non-composite deflection behavior of the bridge was captured and compared to the results from modeling. As a result, the predicted deflection of the simplified models agreed well with the measured results for the single span bridges. Additionally, predicted deflections from the simplified models correlated well with the deflection results from finite element models for the single span bridges. However, the predicted deflections from the simplified models had a poor agreement with the measured results for the two-span continuous bridge. It was also concluded from both field measurements and modeling results that stay-in-place metal deck forms have a significant effect to the non-composite dead load deflection behavior for skewed steel plat.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Dead loads (Mechanics) Languages : en Pages : 374
Book Description
Many of today's steel bridges are being constructed with longer spans and higher skew. The bridges are often erected in stages to limit traffic interruptions or to minimize environmental impacts. The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has experienced numerous problems matching the final deck elevations between adjacent construction stages due to inaccuracies in predicting the dead load deflections of steel plate girder bridges. In response to these problems, the NCDOT has funded this research project (Project No. 2004-14 - Developing a Simplified Method for Predicting Deflection in Steel Plate Girders Under Non-composite Dead Load for Stage-constructed Bridges). The primary objective of this research was to develop a simplified procedure to predict the dead load deflection of skewed and non-skewed steel plate girder bridges. In developing the simplified procedure, ten steel plate girder bridges were monitored during placement of the concrete deck to observe the deflection of the girders. Detailed three-dimensional finite element models of the bridge structures were generated in the commercially available finite element analysis program ANSYS. The finite element modeling results were validated through correlation with the field measured deflection results. With confidence in the ability of the developed finite element models to capture bridge deflection behavior, a preprocessor program was written to automate the finite element model generation. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted to investigate the effect of skew angle, girder spacing, span length, cross frame stiffness, number of girders within the span, and exterior to interior girder load ratio on the girder deflection behavior. The results from the parametric were used to develop an empirical simplified procedure, which modifies traditional SGL predictions to account for skew angle, girder spacing, span length, and exterior to interior girder load ratio. Predictions of the deflections from the simplified procedure and from SGL analyses were compared to the deflections predicted from finite element models (ANSYS) and the field measured deflections to validate the procedure. It was concluded that the simplified procedure may be utilized to more accurately predict dead load deflection of simple span, steel plate girder bridges. Additionally, an alternative prediction method has been proposed to predict deflections in continuous span, steel plate girder bridges with equal exterior girder loads, and supplementary comparisons were made to validate this method.
Author: Ehab Ellobody Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0124173039 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 683
Book Description
In recent years, bridge engineers and researchers are increasingly turning to the finite element method for the design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges. However, the complexity of the method has made the transition slow. Based on twenty years of experience, Finite Element Analysis and Design of Steel and Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges provides structural engineers and researchers with detailed modeling techniques for creating robust design models. The book's seven chapters begin with an overview of the various forms of modern steel and steel–concrete composite bridges as well as current design codes. This is followed by self-contained chapters concerning: nonlinear material behavior of the bridge components, applied loads and stability of steel and steel–concrete composite bridges, and design of steel and steel–concrete composite bridge components. - Constitutive models for construction materials including material non-linearity and geometric non-linearity - The mechanical approach including problem setup, strain energy, external energy and potential energy), mathematics behind the method - Commonly available finite elements codes for the design of steel bridges - Explains how the design information from Finite Element Analysis is incorporated into Building information models to obtain quantity information, cost analysis
Author: Mahdi O. Karkush Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811662770 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 791
Book Description
This book contains selected articles from the Second International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering-Iraq (ICGE-Iraq) held in Akre/Duhok/Iraq from June 22 to 23, 2021, to discuss the challenges, opportunities, and problems of geotechnical engineering in projects. Also, the conference includes modern applications in structural engineering, materials of construction, construction management, planning and design of structures, and remote sensing and surveying engineering. The ICGE-Iraq organized by the Iraqi Scientific Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSSMFE) in cooperation with Akre Technical Institute / Duhok Polytechnic University, College of Engineering /University of Baghdad, and Civil Engineering Department/University of Technology. The book covers a wide spectrum of themes in civil engineering, including but not limited to sustainability and environmental-friendly applications. The contributing authors are academic and researchers in their respective fields from several countries. This book will provide a valuable resource for practicing engineers and researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and construction and management of projects.
Author: Ioannis Vayas Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466557443 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 586
Book Description
Combining a theoretical background with engineering practice, Design of Steel-Concrete Composite Bridges to Eurocodes covers the conceptual and detailed design of composite bridges in accordance with the Eurocodes. Bridge design is strongly based on prescriptive normative rules regarding loads and their combinations, safety factors, material properties, analysis methods, required verifications, and other issues that are included in the codes. Composite bridges may be designed in accordance with the Eurocodes, which have recently been adopted across the European Union. This book centers on the new design rules incorporated in the EN-versions of the Eurocodes. The book addresses the design for a majority of composite bridge superstructures and guides readers through the selection of appropriate structural bridge systems. It introduces the loads on bridges and their combinations, proposes software supported analysis models, and outlines the required verifications for sections and members at ultimate and serviceability limit states, including fatigue and plate buckling, as well as seismic design of the deck and the bearings. It presents the main types of common composite bridges, discusses structural forms and systems, and describes preliminary design aids and erection methods. It provides information on railway bridges, but through the design examples makes road bridges the focal point. This text includes several design examples within the chapters, explores the structural details, summarizes the relevant design codes, discusses durability issues, presents the properties for structural materials, concentrates on modeling for global analysis, and lays down the rules for the shear connection. It presents fatigue analysis and design, fatigue load models, detail categories, and fatigue verifications for structural steel, reinforcement, concrete, and shear connectors. It also covers structural bearings and dampers, with an emphasis on reinforced elastomeric bearings. The book is appropriate for structural engineering students, bridge designers or practicing engineers converting from other codes to Eurocodes.
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Author: Todd Walter Whisenhunt
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Author: Nuttapone Paoinchantara
Author: Seth Tyson Fisher
Author: Ehab Ellobody
Author: Mahdi O. Karkush
Author: Ioannis Vayas
Author: Mahmood Jaleel Albraheemi