Author: Rodrick Wallace
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169973
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
This book, based on published studies, takes a unique perspective on the 30-year collapse of pharmaceutical industry productivity in the search for small molecule OC magic bulletOCO interventions. The relentless escalation of inflation-adjusted cost per approved medicine in the United States OCo from $200 million in 1950 to $1.2 billion in 2010 OCo has driven industry giants to, at best, slavish imitation in drug design, and at worst, abandonment of research and embracing of widespread fraud in consumer marketing.The book adapts formalism across a number of disciplines to the strategy for design of mutilevel interventions, focusing first on molecular, cellular, and larger scale examples, and then extending the argument to the simplifications provided by the dominant role of social and cultural structures and processes in individual and population patterns of health and illness.In place of OC magic bulletsOCO, we must now apply OC magic strategiesOCO that act across both the scale and level of organization. This book provides an introductory roadmap to the new tools that will be needed for the design of such strategies."
A Mathematical Approach to Multilevel, Multiscale Health Interventions
Author: Rodrick Wallace
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169973
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
This book, based on published studies, takes a unique perspective on the 30-year collapse of pharmaceutical industry productivity in the search for small molecule OC magic bulletOCO interventions. The relentless escalation of inflation-adjusted cost per approved medicine in the United States OCo from $200 million in 1950 to $1.2 billion in 2010 OCo has driven industry giants to, at best, slavish imitation in drug design, and at worst, abandonment of research and embracing of widespread fraud in consumer marketing.The book adapts formalism across a number of disciplines to the strategy for design of mutilevel interventions, focusing first on molecular, cellular, and larger scale examples, and then extending the argument to the simplifications provided by the dominant role of social and cultural structures and processes in individual and population patterns of health and illness.In place of OC magic bulletsOCO, we must now apply OC magic strategiesOCO that act across both the scale and level of organization. This book provides an introductory roadmap to the new tools that will be needed for the design of such strategies."
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169973
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
This book, based on published studies, takes a unique perspective on the 30-year collapse of pharmaceutical industry productivity in the search for small molecule OC magic bulletOCO interventions. The relentless escalation of inflation-adjusted cost per approved medicine in the United States OCo from $200 million in 1950 to $1.2 billion in 2010 OCo has driven industry giants to, at best, slavish imitation in drug design, and at worst, abandonment of research and embracing of widespread fraud in consumer marketing.The book adapts formalism across a number of disciplines to the strategy for design of mutilevel interventions, focusing first on molecular, cellular, and larger scale examples, and then extending the argument to the simplifications provided by the dominant role of social and cultural structures and processes in individual and population patterns of health and illness.In place of OC magic bulletsOCO, we must now apply OC magic strategiesOCO that act across both the scale and level of organization. This book provides an introductory roadmap to the new tools that will be needed for the design of such strategies."
Mathematical Approach To Multilevel, Multiscale Health Interventions, A: Pharmaceutical Industry Decline And Policy Response
Author: Rodrick Wallace
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169981
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
This book, based on published studies, takes a unique perspective on the 30-year collapse of pharmaceutical industry productivity in the search for small molecule “magic bullet” interventions. The relentless escalation of inflation-adjusted cost per approved medicine in the United States — from $200 million in 1950 to $1.2 billion in 2010 — has driven industry giants to, at best, slavish imitation in drug design, and at worst, abandonment of research and embracing of widespread fraud in consumer marketing.The book adapts formalism across a number of disciplines to the strategy for design of mutilevel interventions, focusing first on molecular, cellular, and larger scale examples, and then extending the argument to the simplifications provided by the dominant role of social and cultural structures and processes in individual and population patterns of health and illness.In place of “magic bullets”, we must now apply “magic strategies” that act across both the scale and level of organization. This book provides an introductory roadmap to the new tools that will be needed for the design of such strategies./a
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848169981
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
This book, based on published studies, takes a unique perspective on the 30-year collapse of pharmaceutical industry productivity in the search for small molecule “magic bullet” interventions. The relentless escalation of inflation-adjusted cost per approved medicine in the United States — from $200 million in 1950 to $1.2 billion in 2010 — has driven industry giants to, at best, slavish imitation in drug design, and at worst, abandonment of research and embracing of widespread fraud in consumer marketing.The book adapts formalism across a number of disciplines to the strategy for design of mutilevel interventions, focusing first on molecular, cellular, and larger scale examples, and then extending the argument to the simplifications provided by the dominant role of social and cultural structures and processes in individual and population patterns of health and illness.In place of “magic bullets”, we must now apply “magic strategies” that act across both the scale and level of organization. This book provides an introductory roadmap to the new tools that will be needed for the design of such strategies./a
Computational Psychiatry
Author: Rodrick Wallace
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319539108
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
This book explores mental disorders from a uniquely evolutionary perspective. Although there have been many attempts to mathematically model neural processes and, to some extent, their dysfunction, there is very little literature that models mental function within a sociocultural, socioeconomic, and environmental context. Addressing this gap in the extant literature, this book explores essential aspects of mental disorders, recognizing the ubiquitous role played by the exaptation of crosstalk between cognitive modules at many different scales and levels of organization, the missing heritability of complex diseases, and cultural epigenetics. Further, it introduces readers to valuable control theory tools that permit the exploration of the environmental induction of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the study of the synergism between culture, psychopathology and sleep disorders, offering a distinctively unique resource.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319539108
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 243
Book Description
This book explores mental disorders from a uniquely evolutionary perspective. Although there have been many attempts to mathematically model neural processes and, to some extent, their dysfunction, there is very little literature that models mental function within a sociocultural, socioeconomic, and environmental context. Addressing this gap in the extant literature, this book explores essential aspects of mental disorders, recognizing the ubiquitous role played by the exaptation of crosstalk between cognitive modules at many different scales and levels of organization, the missing heritability of complex diseases, and cultural epigenetics. Further, it introduces readers to valuable control theory tools that permit the exploration of the environmental induction of neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as the study of the synergism between culture, psychopathology and sleep disorders, offering a distinctively unique resource.
Introducing the Oscillations Based Paradigm
Author: Darius Plikynas
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319390406
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
The book presents a conceptually novel oscillations based paradigm, the Oscillation-Based Multi-Agent System (OSIMAS), aimed at the modelling of agents and their systems as coherent, stylized, neurodynamic processes. This paradigm links emerging research domains via coherent neurodynamic oscillation based representations of the individual human mind and society (as a coherent collective mind) states. Thus, this multidisciplinary paradigm delivers an empirical and simulation research framework that provides a new way of modelling the complex dynamics of individual and collective mind states. This book addresses a conceptual problem – the lack of a multidisciplinary, connecting paradigm, which could link fragmented research in the fields of neuroscience, artificial intelligence (AI), multi-agent system (MAS) and the social network domains. The need for a common multidisciplinary research framework essentially arises because these fields share a common object of investigation and simulation, i.e., individual and collective human behavior. Although the fields of research mentioned above all approach this from different perspectives, their common object of investigation unites them. By putting the various pathways of research as they are interrelated into perspective, this book provides a philosophical underpinning, experimental background and modelling tools that the author anticipates will reveal new frontiers in multidisciplinary research. Fundamental investigation of the implicit oscillatory nature of agents’ mind states and social mediums in general can reveal some new ways of understanding the periodic and nonperiodic fluctuations taking place in real life. For example, via agent states-related diffusion properties, we could investigate complex economic phenomena like the spread of stock market crashes, currency crises, speculative oscillations (bubbles and crashes), social unrest, recessionary effects, sovereign defaults, etc. All these effects are closely associated with social fragility, which follows and is affected by cycles such as production, political, business and financial. Thus, the multidisciplinary OSIMAS paradigm can yield new knowledge and research perspectives, allowing for a better understanding of social agents and their social organization principles.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319390406
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
The book presents a conceptually novel oscillations based paradigm, the Oscillation-Based Multi-Agent System (OSIMAS), aimed at the modelling of agents and their systems as coherent, stylized, neurodynamic processes. This paradigm links emerging research domains via coherent neurodynamic oscillation based representations of the individual human mind and society (as a coherent collective mind) states. Thus, this multidisciplinary paradigm delivers an empirical and simulation research framework that provides a new way of modelling the complex dynamics of individual and collective mind states. This book addresses a conceptual problem – the lack of a multidisciplinary, connecting paradigm, which could link fragmented research in the fields of neuroscience, artificial intelligence (AI), multi-agent system (MAS) and the social network domains. The need for a common multidisciplinary research framework essentially arises because these fields share a common object of investigation and simulation, i.e., individual and collective human behavior. Although the fields of research mentioned above all approach this from different perspectives, their common object of investigation unites them. By putting the various pathways of research as they are interrelated into perspective, this book provides a philosophical underpinning, experimental background and modelling tools that the author anticipates will reveal new frontiers in multidisciplinary research. Fundamental investigation of the implicit oscillatory nature of agents’ mind states and social mediums in general can reveal some new ways of understanding the periodic and nonperiodic fluctuations taking place in real life. For example, via agent states-related diffusion properties, we could investigate complex economic phenomena like the spread of stock market crashes, currency crises, speculative oscillations (bubbles and crashes), social unrest, recessionary effects, sovereign defaults, etc. All these effects are closely associated with social fragility, which follows and is affected by cycles such as production, political, business and financial. Thus, the multidisciplinary OSIMAS paradigm can yield new knowledge and research perspectives, allowing for a better understanding of social agents and their social organization principles.
Gene Expression and Its Discontents
Author: Rodrick Wallace
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319480782
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
This book describes how epigenetic context, in a large sense, affects gene expression and the development of an organism, using the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory to construct statistical models useful in data analysis. The approach allows deep understanding of how embedding context affects development. We find that epigenetic information sources act as tunable catalysts, directing ontogeny into characteristic pathways, a perspective having important implications for epigenetic epidemiology. In sum, environmental stressors can induce a broad spectrum of developmental dysfunctions, and the book explores a number of pandemic chronic diseases, using U.S. data at different scales and levels of organization. In particular, we find the legacy of slavery has been grossly compounded by accelerating industrial decline and urban decay. Individual chapters are dedicated to obesity and its sequelae, coronary heart disease, cancer, mental disorders, autoimmune dysfunction, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions. Developmental disorders are driven by environmental factors channeled by historical trajectory and are unlikely to respond to medical interventions at the population level in the face of persistent individual and community stress. Drugs powerful enough to affect deleterious epigenetic programming will likely have side effects leading to shortened lifespan. Addressing chronic conditions and developmental disorders requires significant large-scale changes in public policy and resource allocation.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319480782
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
This book describes how epigenetic context, in a large sense, affects gene expression and the development of an organism, using the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory to construct statistical models useful in data analysis. The approach allows deep understanding of how embedding context affects development. We find that epigenetic information sources act as tunable catalysts, directing ontogeny into characteristic pathways, a perspective having important implications for epigenetic epidemiology. In sum, environmental stressors can induce a broad spectrum of developmental dysfunctions, and the book explores a number of pandemic chronic diseases, using U.S. data at different scales and levels of organization. In particular, we find the legacy of slavery has been grossly compounded by accelerating industrial decline and urban decay. Individual chapters are dedicated to obesity and its sequelae, coronary heart disease, cancer, mental disorders, autoimmune dysfunction, Alzheimer’s disease, and other conditions. Developmental disorders are driven by environmental factors channeled by historical trajectory and are unlikely to respond to medical interventions at the population level in the face of persistent individual and community stress. Drugs powerful enough to affect deleterious epigenetic programming will likely have side effects leading to shortened lifespan. Addressing chronic conditions and developmental disorders requires significant large-scale changes in public policy and resource allocation.
Modeling the Interplay Between Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Author: Piero Manfredi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461454743
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art in the fast growing research area of modeling the influence of information-driven human behavior on the spread and control of infectious diseases. In particular, it features the two main and inter-related “core” topics: behavioral changes in response to global threats, for example, pandemic influenza, and the pseudo-rational opposition to vaccines. In order to make realistic predictions, modelers need to go beyond classical mathematical epidemiology to take these dynamic effects into account. With contributions from experts in this field, the book fills a void in the literature. It goes beyond classical texts, yet preserves the rationale of many of them by sticking to the underlying biology without compromising on scientific rigor. Epidemiologists, theoretical biologists, biophysicists, applied mathematicians, and PhD students will benefit from this book. However, it is also written for Public Health professionals interested in understanding models, and to advanced undergraduate students, since it only requires a working knowledge of mathematical epidemiology.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461454743
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art in the fast growing research area of modeling the influence of information-driven human behavior on the spread and control of infectious diseases. In particular, it features the two main and inter-related “core” topics: behavioral changes in response to global threats, for example, pandemic influenza, and the pseudo-rational opposition to vaccines. In order to make realistic predictions, modelers need to go beyond classical mathematical epidemiology to take these dynamic effects into account. With contributions from experts in this field, the book fills a void in the literature. It goes beyond classical texts, yet preserves the rationale of many of them by sticking to the underlying biology without compromising on scientific rigor. Epidemiologists, theoretical biologists, biophysicists, applied mathematicians, and PhD students will benefit from this book. However, it is also written for Public Health professionals interested in understanding models, and to advanced undergraduate students, since it only requires a working knowledge of mathematical epidemiology.
The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health
Author: Roger Detels
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019881013X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1717
Book Description
Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019881013X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1717
Book Description
Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline
River restoration: a strategic approach to planning and management
Author: Speed, Robert
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231001655
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Book Description
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231001655
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 204
Book Description
Social Dimensions of Climate Change
Author: Robin Mearns
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821381423
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348
Book Description
While major strides have been made in the scientific understanding of climate change, much less understood is how these dynamics in the physical enviornment interact with socioeconomic systems. This book brings together the latest knowledge on the consequences of climate change for society and how best to address them.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821381423
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 348
Book Description
While major strides have been made in the scientific understanding of climate change, much less understood is how these dynamics in the physical enviornment interact with socioeconomic systems. This book brings together the latest knowledge on the consequences of climate change for society and how best to address them.