The Manganese Nodule Belt of the Pacific Ocean PDF Download

Author: Peter Halbach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manganese mines and mining, Submarine
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080870511
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 537

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Marine Manganese Deposits

Author:
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789027705006
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Author: Kenichi Harada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: G.N. Baturin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400937318
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 349

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Manganese nodules were first discovered on the ocean floor 160 miles south-west of the Canary Islands on February 18, 1803, during the first complex oceano logical cruise of the Challenger. They surprised researchers by their unusual shape and also by their unusual chemical composition; nevertheless for many years after wards, they were considered merely as one of Nature's exotic marine tricks. After the Secpnd World War, a comprehensive investigation of the World Ocean started, and new data were obtained on a wide distribution of manganese nodules and their polymetallic composition, that made scientists consider nodules as one of the major characteristics of the deep oceanic zone. Recently, meaning since the 1960's, nodules have been recognized as a potential ore source, investigation of which is stimulated by the progressive depletion of land-based mineral resources. Several generations of scientists from various countries have contributed to the problem of exploration of manganese nodules on the ocean floor. Though the problem has been posed, it has not been solved yet because it required, in its turn, a scrutiny of some fundamental aspects such as composition, nature, accretion r'ate of nodules and retrieval of nodule fields. These problems have been discussed in thousands of papers and larger publications; see, in particulare, Mero, 1965; Horn, 1972; Morgenstein, 1973; Bezrukov, 1976; Glasby, 1977; Bischoff and Piper, 1979; Lalou, 1979; Manganese nodules, 1979; Varentsov, 1980; Cronan, 1980; Manganese nodules . . . , 1984, 1986.

Author: David R. Horn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ferromanganese
Languages : en
Pages : 134

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Author: C. Thomas Hillman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manganese mines and mining, Submarine
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: Michael L. Bender
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manganese nodules
Languages : en
Pages : 882

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Author: Jan Harff
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400766440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1000

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Globally growing demand of energy and mineral resources, reliable future projection of climate processes and the protection of coasts to mitigate the threats of disasters and hazards require a comprehensive understanding of the structure, ongoing processes and genesis of the marine geosphere. Beyond the “classical” research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology. As an umbrella the term “marine geosciences” has been broadly accepted for this new complex field of research and the solutions of practical tasks in the marine realm. The “Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences” comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Through this concept a broad scale of users in the field of marine sciences and techniques is addressed from students and scholars in academia to engineers and decision makers in industry and politics.

Author: Vincent Ellis McKelvey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Manganese nodules
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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