Author: Teresa A. Sullivan Publisher: University of Texas Press ISBN: 1477305165 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Unemployment levels have received a great deal of attention and discussion in recent years. However, another labor category—underemployment—has virtually been ignored. Underutilized or underemployed workers are those who are experiencing inadequate hours of work, insufficient levels of income, and mismatch of occupation and skills. Marginal Workers, Marginal Jobs addresses two principal issues: how can we measure underemployment, and how can we explain its prevalence? To answer the first question, Teresa Sullivan examines yardsticks in use, demonstrates their inadequacy, and develops a different measure that is easy to interpret and is usable by both demographers and economists. In answering the second, she analyzes 1960 and 1970 census data to determine the relative effects of population composition and job structure on levels of employment. One of the important contributions of Sullivan's study is to distinguish between marginal workers and marginal jobs in explaining underutilization. Previous explanations, including the widely used dual market theory, have not stressed this analytic distinction. In addition, her work accounts separately for the various types of marginality and seeks to show the condition of workers who are marginal on more than one count—for example, those who are both young and black, or old and female. A provocative study based on large samples of the U.S. population, this book raises important questions about a critical subject and makes a significant contribution to the theory of underutilization.
Author: Daniel Flaming Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
There is extensive evidence of a growing informal labor force in Los Angeles City and County, along with stagnant employment in the formal labor market. Between 2000 and 2004, the working age population in the county grew by 4.9 percent, but the number of wage and salary jobs (i.e., the formal economy) declined by 2.3 percent. This trend in Los Angeles' economy is in distinct contrast to national trends. When we look at the United States economy we see a much narrower gap between the number of household members who report being employed and the number of workers that employers report having on their payrolls.The most compelling reason for workers to accept informal jobs is economic desperation. We have evidence that many working-poor residents of the city and county, including US citizens, accept jobs in the informal sector, but the group of workers who have the greatest difficulty finding employment is recent immigrants. The evidence suggests that non-citizen immigrants are a major component of the informal labor force. Foreign-born persons made up an estimated 11 percent of the US population, 36 percent of Los Angeles County's population, and 40 percent of Los Angeles City's population in 2000. We project that undocumented immigrants account for 25 percent of the foreign-born population of the city and 23 percent in the county.Our best estimate is that on a typical day in 2004 there were 679,000 informal workers in the county and 303,800 in the city. These workers are estimated to account for 15 percent of the county labor force and 16 percent of the city's labor force. Undocumented workers are estimated to make up 61 percent of the informal labor force for the county and 65 percent for the city.
Author: Ruben J. Garcia Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 0814732216 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
Undocumented and authorized immigrant laborers, female workers, workers of color, guest workers, and unionized workers together compose an enormous and diverse part of the labor force in America. Labor and employment laws are supposed to protect employees from various workplace threats, such as poor wages, bad working conditions, and unfair dismissal. Yet as members of individual groups with minority status, the rights of many of these individuals are often dictated by other types of law, such as constitutional and immigration laws. Worse still, the groups who fall into these cracks in the legal system often do not have the political power necessary to change the laws for better protection. In Marginal Workers, Ruben J. Garcia demonstrates that when it comes to these marginal workers, the sum of the law is less than its parts, and, despite what appears to be a plethora of applicable statutes, marginal workers are frequently lacking in protection. To ameliorate the status of marginal workers, he argues for a new paradigm in worker protection, one based on human freedom and rights.
Author: Ruben J. Garcia Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 1479823589 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
Undocumented and authorized immigrant laborers, female workers, workers of color, guest workers, and unionized workers together compose an enormous and diverse part of the labor force in America. Labor and employment laws are supposed to protect employees from various workplace threats, such as poor wages, bad working conditions, and unfair dismissal. Yet as members of individual groups with minority status, the rights of many of these individuals are often dictated by other types of law, such as constitutional and immigration laws. Worse still, the groups who fall into these cracks in the legal system often do not have the political power necessary to change the laws for better protection. In Marginal Workers, Ruben J. Garcia demonstrates that when it comes to these marginal workers, the sum of the law is less than its parts, and, despite what appears to be a plethora of applicable statutes, marginal workers are frequently lacking in protection. To ameliorate the status of marginal workers, he argues for a new paradigm in worker protection, one based on human freedom and rights.
Author: Teresa A. Sullivan
Author: Teresa A. Sullivan
Author: Daniel J. Flaming
Author: Daniel Flaming
Author: Ruben J. Garcia
Author: Ruben J. Garcia
Author: United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics
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