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Author: Katherine Gambone Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has historically been one of the most important diseases of wheat. Although losses have been much reduced in the last fifty years, new highly virulent races of the pathogen have recently emerged in East Africa. These new races are virulent on nearly all of the currently deployed resistance genes and therefore pose a serious threat to global wheat production. The spring wheat variety 'Kingbird' is thought to contain multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that provide durable, adult-plant resistance against wheat stem rust. Stem rust-susceptible Kansas winter wheat line 'KS05HW14' was backcrossed to Kingbird and 379 recombinant lines were advanced to BC1F5 and then increased for testing. The lines were screened for stem rust resistance in the greenhouse and field in Kansas and in the field in Kenya over multiple years. We identified 16,237 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the Wheat 90K iSelect SNP Chip assay. After filtering for marker quality, linkage maps were constructed for each wheat chromosome. Composite interval mapping and multiple-QTL mapping identified seven QTLs on chromosome arms 2BL, 2DS, 3BS, 3BSc, 5DL, 7BL, and 7DS. Six QTLs were inherited from Kingbird and one QTL on 7BL was inherited from KS05HW14. The location of the QTL on 2BL is approximately at locus Sr9, 3BS is at Sr2, 3BSc is at Sr12, and 7DS is at Lr34/Yr18/Sr57. Although no QTL was found on 1BL, the presence of resistance gene Lr46/Yr29/Sr58 on 1BL in both parents was indicated by the gene-specific marker csLV46. QTLs on 2DS and 5DL may be related to photoperiod or vernalization genes. Pairwise interactions were only observed with race QFCSC, most notably occurring with QTLs 2BL and 3BSc. These results confirm that there are multiple QTLs present in Kingbird. Ultimately, the identification of the QTLs that make Kingbird resistant will aid in the understanding of durable, non-race-specific resistance to stem rust of wheat.
Author: Katherine Gambone Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Stem rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has historically been one of the most important diseases of wheat. Although losses have been much reduced in the last fifty years, new highly virulent races of the pathogen have recently emerged in East Africa. These new races are virulent on nearly all of the currently deployed resistance genes and therefore pose a serious threat to global wheat production. The spring wheat variety 'Kingbird' is thought to contain multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that provide durable, adult-plant resistance against wheat stem rust. Stem rust-susceptible Kansas winter wheat line 'KS05HW14' was backcrossed to Kingbird and 379 recombinant lines were advanced to BC1F5 and then increased for testing. The lines were screened for stem rust resistance in the greenhouse and field in Kansas and in the field in Kenya over multiple years. We identified 16,237 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the Wheat 90K iSelect SNP Chip assay. After filtering for marker quality, linkage maps were constructed for each wheat chromosome. Composite interval mapping and multiple-QTL mapping identified seven QTLs on chromosome arms 2BL, 2DS, 3BS, 3BSc, 5DL, 7BL, and 7DS. Six QTLs were inherited from Kingbird and one QTL on 7BL was inherited from KS05HW14. The location of the QTL on 2BL is approximately at locus Sr9, 3BS is at Sr2, 3BSc is at Sr12, and 7DS is at Lr34/Yr18/Sr57. Although no QTL was found on 1BL, the presence of resistance gene Lr46/Yr29/Sr58 on 1BL in both parents was indicated by the gene-specific marker csLV46. QTLs on 2DS and 5DL may be related to photoperiod or vernalization genes. Pairwise interactions were only observed with race QFCSC, most notably occurring with QTLs 2BL and 3BSc. These results confirm that there are multiple QTLs present in Kingbird. Ultimately, the identification of the QTLs that make Kingbird resistant will aid in the understanding of durable, non-race-specific resistance to stem rust of wheat.
Author: Arjun Upadhaya Publisher: ISBN: Category : Barley Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Stem rust caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is an important disease of barley and wheat globally. In the last decade, the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States has experienced an increase in the incidence and severity of stem rust disease. This may be attributed to various factors, including increase in summer temperatures, lack of effective resistance, and early inoculum from sexual hosts. The PNW region's conducive environment and the presence of the sexual hosts, Mahonia and barberry, present an opportunity for the stem rust pathogen to complete its sexual cycle, leading to the emergence of genotypes with novel virulence gene combinations. A total of 100 Pgt isolates collected from barley in eastern Washington during the 2019 growing season were tested for virulence on the two major barley stem rust resistance genes/loci, Rpg1 and the rpg4/5-mediated resistance locus (RMRL) at the seedling stage. Of these isolates, 99% were virulent on cultivar Morex containing the Rpg1 gene, 62% were virulent on Golden Promise transgenic line (H228.2c) carrying a single copy of the Rpg1 gene from Morex, 16% were virulent on the near isogenic line, HQ-1 containing RMRL, and 10% were virulent on barley line Q21861 carrying both Rpg1 and RMRL. This was the first report of Pgt isolates containing virulence on both Rpg1 and RMRL when stacked together, representing the most virulent Pgt population reported on barley worldwide. To identify and map effective resistances against the local virulent isolates, a genome wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on 440 accessions from the World Barley Core Collection (WBCC), genotyped with the 9K Illumina barley iSelect chip and phenotyped with two PNW Pgt isolates at the seedling stage. A total of 10 resistance loci were identified including four novel loci on chromosomes 1H, 2H, 5H, and 6H. On the pathogen side, GWAS was performed using 113 diverse Pgt isolates, collected from the PNW and the Midwest region of the US, to identify virulence and avirulence loci corresponding to the barley stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 and the six wheat stem rust R-genes, Sr5, Sr21, Sr8a, Sr17, Sr9a, and Sr9d. The genotype data for 96 isolates were generated by whole genome shotgun sequencing and for 17 isolates by RNA sequencing. The phenotype data for the Pgt isolates were collected by seedling disease assays on two barley lines, H228.2c and Morex (Rpg1+) and the six wheat stem rust differential lines, Sr5, Sr21, Sr8a, Sr17, Sr9a, and Sr9d. A total of five effector gene candidates were identified at two loci corresponding to the Rpg1 gene. Similarly, 24 putative effector genes were identified at 15 loci corresponding to the six wheat R-genes. Further characterization of these genes will be done to enhance our understanding of host pathogen interactions in both the barley-Pgt and wheat-Pgt pathosystems.
Author: Xianming Chen Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9402411119 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 723
Book Description
This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Author: R. K. Singh Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000407748 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 394
Book Description
This book is the third of the 3-volume Innovative Approaches in Diagnosis and Management of Crop Diseases, which provides an abundance of new research and information on major diseases of various crops along with new techniques and technology for the detection of plant pathogens along with appropriate management strategies. Divided into three volumes and with chapters written by renowned and expert scientists working in different areas of plant pathology, the volumes cover important diseases of crops, incited by bacteria, fungi, viruses, viroids, phytoplasma, and nematodes. This multi-volume set addresses these disease challenges to commercial field and horticultural crops and their management. Volume 3: Nanomolecules and Biocontrol Agents explores the use of new ways to prevent and mitigate plant diseases. These include novel green nanotechnologies; biosensors; biological management using phyllosphere-, rhizosphere-, and endosphere-derived biocontrol agents; employing biofumigation techniques; and plant immunization approaches. The book also considers the special challenge of plant disease management under the present climate change scenario. Key features: Presents diverse research of leading plant pathologists on detection, diagnosis, and management of crop diseases Shares innovative and emerging techniques for diagnosis and management of major plant diseases Covers a vast array of important crops and their diseases Volume 1 of the 3-volume set focuses on the Mollicute class of bacteria. It looks at the detection, diagnosis, and management of phytoplasma diseases and viroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in plants for virus resistance, next-generation sequencing technologies, and more, while Volume 3 reviews the advances in the uses of nanomolecules and biocontrol agents. Diagnosis and management of biotic stresses play a pivotal role in efficient agriculture production, and together, these volumes of Innovative Approaches in Diagnosis and Management of Crop Diseases provide reviews of crucial research to effectively advance the detection, diagnosis, and management of crop diseases.
Author: Indu Sharma Publisher: CABI ISBN: 9781845939694 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Disease resistance is one of the major factors that can be improved to sustain yield potential in cultivated crops. This book looks at disease resistance in wheat, concentrating on all the economically important diseases - their economic impact and geographical spread, breeding for resistance, pathogen variability, resistance mechanisms and recent advances made on resistance genes. Newer strategies for identifying resistance genes and identify resistance mechanisms are discussed, including cloning, gene transfer and the use of genetically modified plants. It is suitable for researchers and stu.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080888143 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 445
Book Description
Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and a first-rate source for the latest research in agronomy. As always, the subjects covered are varied and exemplary of the myriad of subject matter dealt with by this long-running serial. Maintains the highest impact factor among serial publications in agriculture Presents timely reviews on important agronomy issues Enjoys a long-standing reputation for excellence in the field
Author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Publisher: CIMMYT ISBN: 9789686127232 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 164
Author: RA McIntosh Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 0643103023 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
Although stem rust has been controlled by means of resistant cultivars, leaf and stripe rust continue as problems for many growing areas of the world. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes has been prepared by specialists from one of the leading international laboratories, and illustrates with colour photographs typical resistance phenotypes associated with most known genes for resistance to the three rust diseases of wheat. Relevant details for each gene include chromosome location, aspects of genetics and pathogen variation, the effects of environment on expression, origin, availability in genetic and breeding stocks, and use in agriculture. This atlas includes an introduction to host:pathogen genetics, methodologies for wheat rust research and breeding for resistance.
Author: Eric Mader Publisher: ISBN: 9781933395203 Category : Bee culture Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
"Examines the history of the British fire service from 1800-1980, embracing certain key themes of modern British history: the impact of industrial change on urban development, the effect of disaster on political reform, the growth of the state, and the relationship between masculinity and trade unionism in creating a professional identity"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Katherine Gambone
Author: Katherine Gambone
Author: Arjun Upadhaya
Author: 
Author: Xianming Chen
Author: R. K. Singh
Author: Indu Sharma
Author: 
Author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Author: RA McIntosh
Author: Eric Mader