Mapping Alpine Treeline with High Resolution Imagery and LiDAR Data in North Cascades National Park, Washington PDF Download

Author: Cathi Jones Winings
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Digital mapping
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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Author: United States. North Cascades Study Team
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cascade Range
Languages : en
Pages : 214

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Author: David R. Butler
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080957099
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 223

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Book Description
The alpine treeline ecotone (ATE) is an area of transition high on mountains where closed canopy forests from lower elevations give way to the open alpine tundra and rocky expanses above. Alpine tundra is an island biome and its ecotone with forest is subject to change, and like oceanic islands, alpine tundra is subject to invasion – or the upward advance of treeline. The invasion of tundra by trees will have consequences for the tundra biome as invasion does for other island flora and fauna. To examine the invasibility of tundra we take a plant's-eye-view, wherein the local conditions become extremely important. Among these local conditions, we find geomorphology to be exceptionally important. We concentrate on aspects of microtopography (and microgeomorphology) and microclimate because these are the factors that matter: from the plant's-eye-view, but we pay attention to multiple scales. At coarse scales, snow avalanches and debris flows are widespread and create "disturbance treelines whose elevation is well below those controlled by climate. At medium scales, turf-banked terraces create tread-and-riser topography that is a difficult landscape for a tree seedling to survive upon because of exposure to wind, dryness, and impenetrable surfaces. At fine scales, turf exfoliation of the fronts of turf-banked risers, and boulders, offer microsites where tree seedlings may find shelter and are able to gain a foothold in the alpine tundra; conversely, however, surfaces of needle-ice pans and frost heaving associated with miniature patterned ground production are associated with sites inimical to seedling establishment or survival. We explicitly consider how local scale processes propagate across scales into landscape patterns. The objective of this book is to examine the controls on change at alpine treeline. All the papers are focused on work done in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Although any one place is limiting, we are able to examine the alpine treeline here in some detail – and an advantage is that the treeline ecotone in Glacier National Park is quite variable in itself due to the underlying variability in geomorphology at multiple scales. This book will provide insights into an important ecological phenomenon with a distinctly geomorphic perspective. The editors collectively have over 100 years of experience in working in geomorphology, biogeography, and ecology. They also have each worked on research in Glacier National Park for several decades. The book will be a reference for a variety of professionals and students, both graduate and undergraduate, with interests in Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Ecology, and Environmental Science. Because of the importance of the alpine treeline ecotone for recreation and aesthetic interests in mountain environments, wildland and park managers will also use this book.* Subject matter: geomorphology at alpine treeline* Expertise of contributors: each editor brings over 25 years of experience in studies of ecotones and geomorphology, and collectively over 100 years of experience in Glacier National Park* Changing alpine treeline examines climate change

Author: National Park National Park Service
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781492914105
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124

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The primary purpose of this report is to describe the background information, methods and results of a surficial geology inventory within the North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This is one of twelve basic inventories called for in the National Park Service (NPS) National Resource Challenge. A secondary goal is to provide an overview of bedrock geology, climate, hydrology and vegetation as they affect landform processes. The study area for this report is the Upper Skagit Watershed, which is defined as drainages within NOCA that flow into Ross Lake. On the west side of Ross Lake this includes Little Beaver, Big Beaver, Silver, Arctic, Skymo and No Name Creeks. On the east side of Ross Lake this includes Lightning, Hozomeen, Dry, May, Roland, Devils, Ruby and Panther Creeks.

Author: National Park National Park Service
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781492914037
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 74

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Book Description
The primary purpose of this report is to describe the background information, methods and results of a surficial geology inventory within the North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). A secondary goal is to provide an overview of bedrock geology, climate and hydrology as they affect landform processes. The study area for this report is the Thunder Creek Watershed, which is defined as Thunder Creek and its tributaries. Thunder Creek flows north into Diablo Lake, a hydroelectric project located within NOCA.

Author: Georgia H. De Stoppelaire
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Coastal zone management
Languages : en
Pages : 153

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Knowledge of the geospatial distribution of vegetation is fundamental for resource management. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible use of airborne LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data to improve classification accuracy of high spatial resolution optical imagery and compare the ability of two classification algorithms to accurately identify and map wetland vegetation communities. In this study, high resolution imagery integrated with LIDAR data was compared jointly and alone; and the nearest neighbor (NN) and machine learning random forest (RF) classifiers were assessed in semi-automated geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) approaches for classification accuracy of heterogeneous vegetation assemblages at Everglades National Park, FL, USA. Within the 145 ha study area, five dominant vegetation communities that establish the vegetation pattern were mapped: Subtropical hardwood forest, Slash pine with hardwoods, Pine savanna, Hardwood scrub, and Sawgrass. A LIDAR-derived canopy height model (CHM) was produced at 1 m spatial resolution and integrated with Digital Orthophoto Quarter-Quadrangle (DOQQ) optical imagery. Object-based segmentation was performed using the multi-resolution segmentation algorithm at optimal scale based on a global score. In a series of 42 experiments using the NN and RF classifiers, two data schemes were tested: fused data and optical imagery. Inclusion of additional first-order statistical features were also tested in the RF experiments. Results showed that the fused data produced significantly higher classification accuracy at the 95% confidence level than optical imagery alone in both sets of experiments. Among the classifiers, data schemes, and feature sets tested, the NN experiment using fused data with features of mean spectral values and mean CHM elevation values produced the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 83.6% and Kappa of 0.782, while the highest accuracy RF experiment produced an OA of 75.73% and Kappa of 0.695. Pairwise comparison of error matrices for the highest accuracy NN and RF experimental results were significantly different at the 95% confidence level with a Z score of 3.26. Findings show that the integration of LIDAR significantly improved classification accuracy of high spatial resolution optical imagery to identify and map wetland vegetation. Results from this study demonstrate fused LIDAR and high resolution imagery can be used to accurately map wetland vegetation assemblages in a repeatable, semi-automated GEOBIA approach.

Author: Brock Evans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cascade Range
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Author: National Park National Park Service
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781492913986
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Book Description
The primary purpose of this report is to describe the background information, methods, and results of a surficial geology inventory within the North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This is one of twelve basic inventories called for in the National Park Service (NPS) National Resource Challenge. A secondary goal is to provide an overview of bedrock geology, climate, and hydrology as they affect landform processes. The study area for this report is the Stehekin River Watershed, which includes the main Stehekin River and its tributaries Boulder, Bridge, Flat, Maple, McAlester, Park, and Rainbow Creeks.

Author: Emily Meirik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : North Cascades National Park (Wash.)
Languages : en
Pages : 89

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Author: Nick Crandall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Butterflies
Languages : en
Pages : 16

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