Management Significance of Home Ranges and Diets of Coyotes in Joshua Tree National Monument in Relation to Prey Densities by John Cornely PDF Download

Author: Charles L. Douglas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal populations
Languages : en
Pages : 8

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Author: John Edgar Cornely
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal populations
Languages : en
Pages : 238

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Author:
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Category : Wildlife conservation
Languages : en
Pages : 724

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Author:
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 856

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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 572

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Author: Jennifer N. Ward
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ISBN:
Category : Coyote
Languages : en
Pages : 22

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To ensure reproductive success, Canis species establish contiguous mosaics of territories in suitable habitats to partition space and defend limiting resources. Consequently, Canis species can exert strong effects on prey populations locally because of their year-round maintenance of territories. We assessed prey use by coyotes (Canis latrans) by sampling scats from within known territories in southeastern Alabama and the Savannah River area of Georgia and South Carolina. We accounted for the size and habitat composition of coyote home ranges to investigate the influence of space use, vegetation density, and habitat type on coyote diets. Coyote use of prey was influenced by a combination of mean monthly temperature, home range size, vegetation density, and hardwood forests. For example, coyote use of adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was associated with cooler months and smaller home ranges, whereas use of rabbits (Sylvilagus spp.) was associated with cooler months, larger home ranges, and less vegetation density. Coyotes in our study relied primarily on nutritionally superior mammalian prey and supplemented their diet with fruit when available, as their use of mammalian prey did not appreciably decrease with increasing use of fruit. We suggest that differential use of prey by coyotes is influenced by habitat heterogeneity within their home ranges, and prey-switching behaviors may stabilize local interactions between coyotes and their food resources to permit stable year-round territories. Given that habitat composition affects coyote prey use, future studies should also incorporate effects of habitat composition on coyote distribution and abundance to further identify coyote influences on prey communities.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 604

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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 838

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Author: Suzanne Shoemaker
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ISBN:
Category : Coyote
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Radio-telemetry and scat analysis were used to investigate daily and seasonal movement patterns and food selection of a protected coyote population on Tulelake National Wildlife Refuge (TLNWR) and adjacent Lava Beds National Monument (LABE) in northeastern California. Study emphasis was on evaluation of movements on and off the sanctuary, and movements and food selection relative to manipulated and undisturbed sites. Nineteen coyotes were trapped and fitted with either radio-telemetry (12) or color-coded (7) collars between 1 November 1982 and 5 May 1983. Home ranges were estimated for eight sanctuary coyotes (two composites) by two methods: (1) 95% minimum convex polygon (MCP) and (2) 90% contour of the utilization distribution. Home ranges were small (95% MCP's : 0.5 - 6.2 km2) and elongate, including portions of both irrigated cropland (TLNWR SW Sump) and undisturbed rangeland (LABE) habitats. Coyotes used cropland habitat primarily for foraging purposes, and rangeland for resting and denning. Elongate shape reflected movements back and forth between habitats. Territoriality was demonstrated. Intensive monitoring of four coyotes from May through September 1983 indicated coyotes used larger areas at night (1700 to 0900) than in daytime (0900 to 1700) during pup-rearing (23 May to 8 August) and dispersal (15 August to 20 November) seasons. Home ranges and core areas were larger for both diel periods in dispersal season than in pup-rearing season. Variable patterns of coyote use of irrigated cropland habitat were attributed to individual energy demands, human activity, and vegetative cover. Only one individual (adult male) was known to make daily excursions off the protected area. Some seasonal migration off the sanctuary took place in late fall, winter, and early spring. Spring migrations may relate to human disturbance on agricultural lands. Food habits analysis showed coyote diet was more diverse in all seasons on the undisturbed rangeland (LABE) than on the irrigated cropland (SW Sump). Montane voles, Nuttall's cottontails, and mule deer were winter staples on LABE. Many other foods (sciurid and heterormyid rodents, insects, berries, birds) entered LABE coyote diet in late spring and summer. Montane voles were the dominant coyote food year round on SW Sump. Birds entered SW Sump coyote diet in substantial quantities only during pheasant and waterfowl hunting seasons in late fall and winter. A model for optimal use of a patchy habitat and its application to coyote foraging strategy and use of manipulated (simple, homogeneous) versus undisturbed (complex, heterogeneous) environments is discussed, as are some management implications.

Author: Marc Bekoff
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781930665422
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 408

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Originally published in 1978, this text pulls together much disparate research in coyote evolution, taxonomy, reproduction, communication, behavioral development, population dynamics, and ecological studies in the Southwest, Minnesota, Iowa, New England, and Wyoming. (Animals/Pets)