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Author: Philip G. Madgwick Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192697765 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
Charles Darwin presented the first scientific explanation of design through evolution by natural selection, where the environment furnishes individual organisms with adaptations that help them to survive and reproduce. This accessible book makes the case that natural selection can also do the exact opposite, favouring traits that directly harm an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. Such maladaptations contradict the received understanding of what natural selection 'does', but become explicable with an understanding of the genetics and ecology of evolution by natural selection. Drawing upon wide-ranging examples from across the diversity of life, the evidence for maladaptations is critically appraised to establish its possibility, reality and importance to the design of living things. A theory of maladaptation is developed, as a corrective for a long-standing error in evolutionary biology. Examples of maladaptation are evaluated to identify the challenges and successes in applying the concept to organismal traits. The deeper causes and consequences of maladaptation are discussed to understand its far-reaching impact on the evolution of life on Earth - and beyond. Overall, the book persuasively argues that maladaptation is a paragon of the changes to evolutionary theory that are needed to understand the population biology of natural selection. Maladaptation is written to be suitable for students taking courses in evolution, ecology and genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. Its accessible style will also appeal to a broader interdisciplinary audience, including any inquisitive reader with a general interest in science and the natural world.
Author: Philip G. Madgwick Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192697765 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
Charles Darwin presented the first scientific explanation of design through evolution by natural selection, where the environment furnishes individual organisms with adaptations that help them to survive and reproduce. This accessible book makes the case that natural selection can also do the exact opposite, favouring traits that directly harm an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. Such maladaptations contradict the received understanding of what natural selection 'does', but become explicable with an understanding of the genetics and ecology of evolution by natural selection. Drawing upon wide-ranging examples from across the diversity of life, the evidence for maladaptations is critically appraised to establish its possibility, reality and importance to the design of living things. A theory of maladaptation is developed, as a corrective for a long-standing error in evolutionary biology. Examples of maladaptation are evaluated to identify the challenges and successes in applying the concept to organismal traits. The deeper causes and consequences of maladaptation are discussed to understand its far-reaching impact on the evolution of life on Earth - and beyond. Overall, the book persuasively argues that maladaptation is a paragon of the changes to evolutionary theory that are needed to understand the population biology of natural selection. Maladaptation is written to be suitable for students taking courses in evolution, ecology and genetics, as well as professional researchers in these fields. Its accessible style will also appeal to a broader interdisciplinary audience, including any inquisitive reader with a general interest in science and the natural world.
Author: Robert C. Richardson Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262261111 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
A philosopher subjects the claims of evolutionary psychology to the evidential and methodological requirements of evolutionary biology, concluding that evolutionary psychology's explanations amount to speculation disguised as results. Human beings, like other organisms, are the products of evolution. Like other organisms, we exhibit traits that are the product of natural selection. Our psychological capacities are evolved traits as much as are our gait and posture. This much few would dispute. Evolutionary psychology goes further than this, claiming that our psychological traits—including a wide variety of traits, from mate preference and jealousy to language and reason—can be understood as specific adaptations to ancestral Pleistocene conditions. In Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology, Robert Richardson takes a critical look at evolutionary psychology by subjecting its ambitious and controversial claims to the same sorts of methodological and evidential constraints that are broadly accepted within evolutionary biology. The claims of evolutionary psychology may pass muster as psychology; but what are their evolutionary credentials? Richardson considers three ways adaptive hypotheses can be evaluated, using examples from the biological literature to illustrate what sorts of evidence and methodology would be necessary to establish specific evolutionary and adaptive explanations of human psychological traits. He shows that existing explanations within evolutionary psychology fall woefully short of accepted biological standards. The theories offered by evolutionary psychologists may identify traits that are, or were, beneficial to humans. But gauged by biological standards, there is inadequate evidence: evolutionary psychologists are largely silent on the evolutionary evidence relevant to assessing their claims, including such matters as variation in ancestral populations, heritability, and the advantage offered to our ancestors. As evolutionary claims they are unsubstantiated. Evolutionary psychology, Richardson concludes, may offer a program of research, but it lacks the kind of evidence that is generally expected within evolutionary biology. It is speculation rather than sound science—and we should treat its claims with skepticism.
Author: Anna Ginty Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000372340 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 150
Book Description
This book lifts the taboo on maladaptation, a different driver of environmentally induced migration, which shines a light on the negative consequences arising from the solutions to climate change, adaptation and mitigation policies. Through a systematic analysis and critique of existing mitigation and adaptation polices under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and international development community, and supplemented by a small empirical study in Indonesia, this book catalogues how maladaptation is manufactured under existing climate change solutions. It posits that customary communities in general- and women in particular- are disproportionately affected by the dominant market-driven logics that underscore current climate change solutions adopted by the UNFCCC. The injustice of maladaptation is highlighted as multi-faceted and explored using political, economic, social and ecological lenses, and the concept of environmental reintegration is also explored as a possible solution to this issue. Further possibilities are then presented in the Afterword, as a combination of what the new (post-neoliberalism) conjuncture could potentially look like. This volume will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners of climate change, environmental policy, environmental migration and displacement, development studies, I/NGOs and civil society actors and activists more broadly.
Author: Walter Leal Filho Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030405524 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
This book presents papers written by scholars, practitioners, and members of social movements and government agencies pursuing research and/or climate change projects in the Pacific region. Climate change is impacting the Pacific in various ways, including numerous negative effects on the natural environment and biodiversity. As such, a better understanding of how climate change affects Pacific communities is required, in order to identify processes, methods, and tools that can help countries and the communities in the region to adapt and become more resilient. Further, the book showcases successful examples of how to cope with the social, economic, and political problems posed by climate change in the region.
Author: Charles A. Moss, M.D. Publisher: North Atlantic Books ISBN: 1556438745 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
An original, powerful prescription to prevent stress and enhance health, this book will appeal to people who are looking for better ways to manage stress as well as practitioners of, or those interested in, Chinese and alternative medicines, acupuncture, Eastern thought, and self-help psychology Based on his thirty years of using acupuncture in an integrative medical practice, Power of the Five Elements presents the Five Adaptation Types, Dr. Charles Moss’s modern application of the Five Elements of Chinese medicine. If you are ready to increase your energy levels, improve your mood, and reduce your risk for serious illness, get started today and discover your Adaptation Type through Power of the Five Elements. This book provides you with: • A roadmap to understanding why you react to stress the way you do and a comprehensive new approach to improving your ability to adapt • A fascinating synthesis, presented for the first time, of the ancient wisdom of Taoist Chinese Medicine and current mind-body research • Case histories and questionnaires to identify your Adaptation Type and specific, individualized recommendations—behavioral changes, exercises, meditations—to improve adaptation, reduce stress, and enhance healthy aging • A clear understanding of the importance of lowering abnormal levels of cortisol, the main stress hormone associated with heart disease, diabetes, and cancer
Author: Stephen Boyden Publisher: ANU Press ISBN: 1760460516 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 173
Book Description
This book is for the general reader interested in the human place in nature and the future of civilisation. It is based on the biohistorical approach to the study of human situations. This approach recognises human culture as a new and extremely important force in the biosphere. The book discusses the evolution of life and the essential ecological processes on which all life, including human civilisation, depend. It describes the conditions of life and ecology of humans in the four ecological phases in human history, with emphasis on the impacts of human culture on biological systems. It explains how, as cultures evolved, they often came to embrace not only factual information of good practical value, but also assumptions that are sheer nonsense, sometimes leading to activities that caused unnecessary human distress or damage to local ecosystems. These are examples of cultural maladaptation. There have been countless instances of cultural maladaptation in human history. The days of the fourth ecological phase of human history, the Exponential Phase, are numbered. Cultural maladaptations are now on a massive scale, and business as usual will inevitably lead to the ecological collapse of civilisation. The only hope for the survival of civilisation lies in radical changes in the worldviews and priorities of the prevailing cultures of the world, leading to a fifth ecological phase — a phase in which human society is truly sensitive to, in tune with and respectful of the processes of life. This is called a biosensitive society. The book concludes with discussion on the essential characteristics of a biosensitive society and on the means by which the necessary cultural transformation might come about.
Author: Ranjith Premalal De Silva Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811536732 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 526
Book Description
Food systems involve a range of activities concerning food production, processing, distribution, marketing and trade, preparation, consumption and disposal. They encompass the path of food from the farm to the dinner table, meeting the food and nutritional needs of a nation. When such systems do so without sacrificing the needs of future generations, they are referred to as “Sustainable Food Systems.” The natural and physical environment, infrastructure, institutions, society and culture, and policies and regulations within which they operate, as well as the technologies they adopt, shape these systems’ outcomes. Making food systems more sustainable is a key priority for all nations, and Sri Lanka is no exception. Food systems deliver optimal performance when the policy and regulatory environment is conducive, institutions are supportive, and a combination of agricultural research investments and an efficient extension system generates the technologies and scientific evidence required for sound policymaking and agenda setting. Further, agricultural research can generate essential findings, technologies and policies for sustainable agricultural development – across disciplines, sectors and stakeholder groups. This book shares valuable insights into research conducted in the broad food and agriculture sectors in Sri Lanka. It also discusses the status quo in related disciplines, and outlines future research directions. Accordingly, it offers a valuable source of reference material for researchers, students, and stakeholders in the food and agriculture sectors, while also highlighting the types of support that policymakers and other decision-makers can provide.
Author: Philip G. Madgwick
Author: Philip G. Madgwick
Author: Hans Toch
Author: Robert C. Richardson
Author: Anna Ginty
Author: Brian Wayne Spitzer
Author: Walter Leal Filho
Author: Ade T. Ojo
Author: Charles A. Moss, M.D.
Author: Stephen Boyden
Author: Ranjith Premalal De Silva