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Author: Jan G. Michel Publisher: Brill Mentis ISBN: 9783957432100 Category : Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Scienti?c progress depends crucially on scienti?c discoveries. Yet the topic of scienti?c discoveries has not been central to debate in the philosophy of science. This book aims to remedy this shortcoming. Based on a broad reading of the term ?science? (similar to the German term ?Wissenschaft ?), the book convenes experts from different disciplines who re?ect upon several intertwined questions connected to the topic of making scienti?c discoveries.0Among these questions are the following: What are the preconditions for making scienti?c discoveries? What is it that we (have to) do when we make discoveries in science? What are the objects of scienti?c discoveries, how do we name them, and how do scienti?c names function? Do dis-coveries in, say, physics and biology, share an underlying structure, or do they differ from each other in crucial ways? Are other ?elds such as theology and environmental studies loci of scienti?c discovery? What is the purpose of making scienti?c discoveries? Explaining nature or reality? Increasing scienti?c knowledge? Finding new truths? If so, how can we account for instructive blunders and serendipities in science?0In the light of the above, the following is an encompassing question of the book: What does it mean to make a discovery in science, and how can scienti?c discoveries be distinguished from non-scienti?c discoveries?
Author: Jan G. Michel Publisher: Brill Mentis ISBN: 9783957432100 Category : Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
Scienti?c progress depends crucially on scienti?c discoveries. Yet the topic of scienti?c discoveries has not been central to debate in the philosophy of science. This book aims to remedy this shortcoming. Based on a broad reading of the term ?science? (similar to the German term ?Wissenschaft ?), the book convenes experts from different disciplines who re?ect upon several intertwined questions connected to the topic of making scienti?c discoveries.0Among these questions are the following: What are the preconditions for making scienti?c discoveries? What is it that we (have to) do when we make discoveries in science? What are the objects of scienti?c discoveries, how do we name them, and how do scienti?c names function? Do dis-coveries in, say, physics and biology, share an underlying structure, or do they differ from each other in crucial ways? Are other ?elds such as theology and environmental studies loci of scienti?c discovery? What is the purpose of making scienti?c discoveries? Explaining nature or reality? Increasing scienti?c knowledge? Finding new truths? If so, how can we account for instructive blunders and serendipities in science?0In the light of the above, the following is an encompassing question of the book: What does it mean to make a discovery in science, and how can scienti?c discoveries be distinguished from non-scienti?c discoveries?
Author: Mark Addis Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030237699 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 192
Book Description
This volume offers selected papers exploring issues arising from scientific discovery in the social sciences. It features a range of disciplines including behavioural sciences, computer science, finance, and statistics with an emphasis on philosophy. The first of the three parts examines methods of social scientific discovery. Chapters investigate the nature of causal analysis, philosophical issues around scale development in behavioural science research, imagination in social scientific practice, and relationships between paradigms of inquiry and scientific fraud. The next part considers the practice of social science discovery. Chapters discuss the lack of genuine scientific discovery in finance where hypotheses concern the cheapness of securities, the logic of scientific discovery in macroeconomics, and the nature of that what discovery with the Solidarity movement as a case study. The final part covers formalising theories in social science. Chapters analyse the abstract model theory of institutions as a way of representing the structure of scientific theories, the semi-automatic generation of cognitive science theories, and computational process models in the social sciences. The volume offers a unique perspective on scientific discovery in the social sciences. It will engage scholars and students with a multidisciplinary interest in the philosophy of science and social science.
Author: Laura Garwin Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226284166 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 381
Book Description
Many of the scientific breakthroughs of the twentieth century were first reported in the journal Nature. A Century of Nature brings together in one volume Nature's greatest hits—reproductions of seminal contributions that changed science and the world, accompanied by essays written by leading scientists (including four Nobel laureates) that provide historical context for each article, explain its insights in graceful, accessible prose, and celebrate the serendipity of discovery and the rewards of searching for needles in haystacks.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309486165 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Author: Peter J. Bowler Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226068625 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 539
Book Description
The development of science, according to respected scholars Peter J. Bowler and Iwan Rhys Morus, expands our knowledge and control of the world in ways that affect-but are also affected by-society and culture. In Making Modern Science, a text designed for introductory college courses in the history of science and as a single-volume introduction for the general reader, Bowler and Morus explore both the history of science itself and its influence on modern thought. Opening with an introduction that explains developments in the history of science over the last three decades and the controversies these initiatives have engendered, the book then proceeds in two parts. The first section considers key episodes in the development of modern science, including the Scientific Revolution and individual accomplishments in geology, physics, and biology. The second section is an analysis of the most important themes stemming from the social relations of science-the discoveries that force society to rethink its religious, moral, or philosophical values. Making Modern Science thus chronicles all major developments in scientific thinking, from the revolutionary ideas of the seventeenth century to the contemporary issues of evolutionism, genetics, nuclear physics, and modern cosmology. Written by seasoned historians, this book will encourage students to see the history of science not as a series of names and dates but as an interconnected and complex web of relationships between science and modern society. The first survey of its kind, Making Modern Science is a much-needed and accessible introduction to the history of science, engagingly written for undergraduates and curious readers alike.
Author: W.I.B. Beveridge Publisher: Edizioni Savine ISBN: 8899914354 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
Elaborate apparatus plays an important part in the science of to-day, but I sometimes wonder if we are not inclined to forget that the most important instrument in research must always be the mind of man. It is true that much time and effort is devoted to training and equipping the scientist's mind, but little attention is paid to the technicalities of making the best use of it. There is no satisfactory book which systematises the knowledge available on the practice and mental skills—the art—of scientific investigation. This lack has prompted me to write a book to serve as an introduction to research. My small contribution to the literature of a complex and difficult topic is meant in the first place for the student about to engage in research, but I hope that it may also interest a wider audience. Since my own experience of research has been acquired in the study of infectious diseases, I have written primarily for the student of that field. But nearly all the book is equally applicable to any other branch of experimental biology and much of it to any branch of science. – (Cambridge, 1957. W.I.B. Beveridge)
Author: Dorling Kindersley Publisher: DK Children ISBN: 9780241212264 Category : Discoveries in science Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
Packed with fascinating discoveries and facts, Science Year by Year takes kids on a fantastic visual journey through time, from stone tools and simple machines to rockets and robots.
Author: Nancy J. Nersessian Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262544660 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 393
Book Description
A cognitive ethnography of how bioengineering scientists create innovative modeling methods. In this first full-scale, long-term cognitive ethnography by a philosopher of science, Nancy J. Nersessian offers an account of how scientists at the interdisciplinary frontiers of bioengineering create novel problem-solving methods. Bioengineering scientists model complex dynamical biological systems using concepts, methods, materials, and other resources drawn primarily from engineering. They aim to understand these systems sufficiently to control or intervene in them. What Nersessian examines here is how cutting-edge bioengineering scientists integrate the cognitive, social, material, and cultural dimensions of practice. Her findings and conclusions have broad implications for researchers in philosophy, science studies, cognitive science, and interdisciplinary studies, as well as scientists, educators, policy makers, and funding agencies. In studying the epistemic practices of scientists, Nersessian pushes the boundaries of the philosophy of science and cognitive science into areas not ventured before. She recounts a decades-long, wide-ranging, and richly detailed investigation of the innovative interdisciplinary modeling practices of bioengineering researchers in four university laboratories. She argues and demonstrates that the methods of cognitive ethnography and qualitative data analysis, placed in the framework of distributed cognition, provide the tools for a philosophical analysis of how scientific discoveries arise from complex systems in which the cognitive, social, material, and cultural dimensions of problem-solving are integrated into the epistemic practices of scientists. Specifically, she looks at how interdisciplinary environments shape problem-solving. Although Nersessian’s case material is drawn from the bioengineering sciences, her analytic framework and methodological approach are directly applicable to scientific research in a broader, more general sense, as well.
Author: Sarah Machajewski Publisher: Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP ISBN: 1482429543 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Science has helped us make sense of some of the freakiest things about life on Earth, and more amazing discoveries are made every day. This book takes readers on a jaw-dropping journey through some of history’s wildest scientific revelations, such as the existence of black holes, the role of mold in fighting killer diseases, and how maggots—yes, maggots!—are used to treat serious wounds. Astounding full-color images enhance the high-interest text, and will make readers squirm with delight as they learn about some of the most pivotal moments in scientific study. Fascinating fun facts and in-depth sidebars enhance the main content with information readers will not soon forget!
Author: Bruno Latour Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 9780674792913 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
From weaker to stronger rhetoric : literature - Laboratories - From weak points to strongholds : machines - Insiders out - From short to longer networks : tribunals of reason - Centres of calculation.
Author: Jan G. Michel
Author: Jan G. Michel
Author: Mark Addis
Author: Laura Garwin
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Peter J. Bowler
Author: W.I.B. Beveridge
Author: Dorling Kindersley
Author: Nancy J. Nersessian
Author: Sarah Machajewski
Author: Bruno Latour