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Author: Bryan C. Storey Publisher: ISBN: 9781786200419 Category : Continental margins Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
The association between lithospheric extension, continental break-up, mantle plumes and massive bursts of igneous activity is well recognised, but their causal relationship remains controversial. The main aim of this volume is to integrate relevant tectonic, geochemical and geophysical data which will lead to a better understanding of the causal relationships between magmatism and continental break-up. The first section is concerned mainly with models of magma generation and breakup processes. The remaining sections present examples from the geological record.
Author: Bryan C. Storey Publisher: ISBN: 9781786200419 Category : Continental margins Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
The association between lithospheric extension, continental break-up, mantle plumes and massive bursts of igneous activity is well recognised, but their causal relationship remains controversial. The main aim of this volume is to integrate relevant tectonic, geochemical and geophysical data which will lead to a better understanding of the causal relationships between magmatism and continental break-up. The first section is concerned mainly with models of magma generation and breakup processes. The remaining sections present examples from the geological record.
Author: T.J. Wright Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 1862397295 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
A major rifting episode began in the Afar region of northern Ethiopia in September 2005. Over a ten-day period, c. 2.5 km3 of magma were intruded along a 60 km-long dyke separating the Arabian and Nubian plates. Over the next five years, a further 13 dyke intrusions caused continued extension, eruptions and seismicity. This activity led to a renewed international focus on the role of magmatism in rifting, with major international collaborative projects working in Afar and Ethiopia to study the ongoing activity and to place it in a broader context. This book brings together articles that explore the role of magmatism in rifting, from the initiation of continental break-up through to full seafloor spreading. We also explore the hazards related to rifting and the associated volcanism. This work has implications for our understanding of how continents break-up and the associated distribution of resources in rift basins and continental margins.
Author: G. Yirgu Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781862391963 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
The seismically and volcanically active East African Rift System is an ideal laboratory for continental break-up processes: it encompasses all stages of rift development. Its northernmost sectors within the Afar volcanic province include failed rifts, nascent sea-floor spreading, and youthful passive continental margins associated with one or more mantle plumes. A number of models have been proposed to explain the success and failure of continental rift zones, but there remains no consensus on how strain localizes to achieve rupture of initially 125-250 km-thick plates, or on the interaction between the plates and asthenospheric processes. This collection of papers provides new structural, stratigraphic, geochemical and geophysical data and numerical models needed to resolve fundamental questions concerning continental break-up and mantle plume processes. The focus is on how mantle melt intrudes and is distributed through the plate, and how this magma intrusion process controls along-axis segmentation and facilitates break-up.
Author: Nick Rogers Publisher: ISBN: 9780749252175 Category : Continental drift Languages : en Pages : 128
Book Description
Continental break-up and the formation of new ocean basins is a fundamental process that shapes the surface of our planet. Continental break-up involves lithospheric extension and the generation and eruption of basalt, and so the models of basalt generation and mantle melting developed for oceanic examples are here linked to the thermal and tectonic regimes of continental melt generation. The geophysics, geochemistry, tectonics, petrology and geology of active rifting are investigated using case studies from the East African Rift and the Red Sea. Finally, the picture of continental break-up is completed with a review of the tectonic, magmatic and geodynamic processes active during the break-up of Gondwana in the Mesozoic.
Author: Garry D. Karner Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP ISBN: 9780231127394 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 372
Book Description
Traditionally, investigations of the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere (the rigid or mechanically strong outer layer of the Earth, which contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle) have taken place at one scale in the laboratory and at an entirely different scale in the field. Laboratory experiments are generally restricted to centimeter-sized samples and day- or year-length times, while geological processes occur over tens to hundreds of kilometers and millions of years. The application of laboratory results to geological systems necessitates extensive extrapolation in both temporal and spatial scales, as well as a detailed understanding of the dominant physical mechanisms. The development of an understanding of large-scale processes requires an integrated approach. This book explores the current cutting-edge interdisciplinary research in lithospheric rheology and provides a broad summary of the rheology and deformation of the continental lithosphere in both extensional and compressional settings. Individual chapters explore contemporary research resulting from laboratory, observational, and theoretical experiments.
Author: David G. Roberts Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444563636 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 566
Book Description
Expert petroleum geologists David Roberts and Albert Bally bring you Regional Geology and Tectonics: Phanerozoic Rift Systems and Sedimentary Basins, volume two in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. Experience in analyzing and assessing rifts—locations where the Earth’s outer shell and crust have been stretched over time by seismic activity—is critical for you as an exploration geologist in identifying Earth’s most lucrative hydrocarbon locations in which extraction is both efficient and safe. Vast compilations of related industry data present regional seismic lines and cross sections, and summaries of analogue and theoretical models are provided as an essential backdrop to the structure and stratigraphy of various geological settings. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication A practical reference for petroleum geologists that discusses the importance of rift systems and the structural evolution of the Earth Analyses of active rifts in East Africa, China, Siberia, the Gulf of Suez, and the Russian Arctic provide immediately implementable petroleum exploration applications in regions heavily targeted by oil & gas companies Presents overviews of sequence stratigraphy in rifts and structural controls on clastic and carbonate sedimentation—critical to the exact mapping of the most lucrative hydrocarbon locations by exploration geologists
Author: J.L. Smellie Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 178620536X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 802
Book Description
This memoir is the first to review all of Antarctica’s volcanism between 200 million years ago and the Present. The region is still volcanically active. The volume is an amalgamation of in-depth syntheses, which are presented within distinctly different tectonic settings. Each is described in terms of (1) the volcanology and eruptive palaeoenvironments; (2) petrology and origin of magma; and (3) active volcanism, including tephrochronology. Important volcanic episodes include: astonishingly voluminous mafic and felsic volcanic deposits associated with the Jurassic break-up of Gondwana; the construction and progressive demise of a major Jurassic to Present continental arc, including back-arc alkaline basalts and volcanism in a young ensialic marginal basin; Miocene to Pleistocene mafic volcanism associated with post-subduction slab-window formation; numerous Neogene alkaline volcanoes, including the massive Erebus volcano and its persistent phonolitic lava lake, that are widely distributed within and adjacent to one of the world’s major zones of lithospheric extension (the West Antarctic Rift System); and very young ultrapotassic volcanism erupted subglacially and forming a world-wide type example (Gaussberg).
Author: Bryan C. Storey
Author: Bryan C. Storey
Author: Bryan C. Storey
Author: Bryan C. Storey
Author: P.T. Leat
Author: T.J. Wright
Author: G. Yirgu
Author: Nick Rogers
Author: Garry D. Karner
Author: David G. Roberts
Author: J.L. Smellie