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Author: Henning Struchtrup Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540323864 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The well known transport laws of Navier-Stokes and Fourier fail for the simulation of processes on lengthscales in the order of the mean free path of a particle that is when the Knudsen number is not small enough. Thus, the proper simulation of flows in rarefied gases requires a more detailed description. This book discusses classical and modern methods to derive macroscopic transport equations for rarefied gases from the Boltzmann equation, for small and moderate Knudsen numbers, i.e. at and above the Navier-Stokes-Fourier level. The main methods discussed are the classical Chapman-Enskog and Grad approaches, as well as the new order of magnitude method, which avoids the short-comings of the classical methods, but retains their benefits. The relations between the various methods are carefully examined, and the resulting equations are compared and tested for a variety of standard problems. The book develops the topic starting from the basic description of an ideal gas, over the derivation of the Boltzmann equation, towards the various methods for deriving macroscopic transport equations, and the test problems which include stability of the equations, shock waves, and Couette flow.
Author: Henning Struchtrup Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540323864 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
The well known transport laws of Navier-Stokes and Fourier fail for the simulation of processes on lengthscales in the order of the mean free path of a particle that is when the Knudsen number is not small enough. Thus, the proper simulation of flows in rarefied gases requires a more detailed description. This book discusses classical and modern methods to derive macroscopic transport equations for rarefied gases from the Boltzmann equation, for small and moderate Knudsen numbers, i.e. at and above the Navier-Stokes-Fourier level. The main methods discussed are the classical Chapman-Enskog and Grad approaches, as well as the new order of magnitude method, which avoids the short-comings of the classical methods, but retains their benefits. The relations between the various methods are carefully examined, and the resulting equations are compared and tested for a variety of standard problems. The book develops the topic starting from the basic description of an ideal gas, over the derivation of the Boltzmann equation, towards the various methods for deriving macroscopic transport equations, and the test problems which include stability of the equations, shock waves, and Couette flow.
Author: Juan Esteban Gomez Herrera Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736963246 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
Zu den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der Raumfahrtindustrie zählen das stetig wachsende Interesse an miniaturisierten Satelliten sowie der immer häufigere Einsatz elektrischer Antriebssysteme zu allgemeinen Lage- und Bahnregelungszwecken. Die Entwicklung miniaturisierter Satelliten erfordert ihrerseits den Einsatz von Antriebssystemen, die sehr kleine und präzise zu steuernde Schubkräfte erzeugen. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellen elektrische Triebwerke eine attraktive Option dar, die Antriebsanforderungen von Satelliten sowohl in herkömmlichen als auch in miniaturisierten Größen langfristig zu erfüllen. Bei miniaturisierten Satelliten sind die Schubanforderungen oft mit niedrigen Treibstoff-Massenstromwerten und verhältnismäßig kleinen geometrischen charakteristischen Längen verbunden. Dies kann zu verdünnten Gaszuständen innerhalb der Triebwerksdüsen führen. Wegen der hohen Komplexität der Plasmaphänomene innerhalb elektrischer Triebwerke sowie der typischerweise hohen Rechenanforderungen, die mit der Plasmamodellierung einhergehen, werden elektrische Antriebssysteme oft auf Basis empirischer Modelle und experimenteller Daten entwickelt. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt auf den oben beschriebenen Herausforderungen und den dazugehörigen Forschungsfeldern: der Untersuchung verdünnter Gaszustände in transsonischen Strömungen sowie der Entwicklung numerischer Modellierungsansätze zur Beschreibung des Plasmaverhaltens innerhalb elektrischer Antriebssysteme. New trends regarding fundamental design approaches of orbital spacecraft have been developing in the space industry in recent years. They include an increased interest in miniaturized satellites as well as a general rise in the use of electric propulsion systems for orbit and attitude control. The successful implementation of miniaturized satellites requires the use of propulsion devices able to provide small and precise thrust and impulse levels. One technical solution able to meet the requirements of both standard-sized as well as miniaturized spacecraft involves the use of highly efficient and precise electric propulsion systems. In the particular case of miniaturized satellites, the propulsion requirements are often associated with low propellant mass flow rates and small characteristic geometrical lengths, potentially leading to the appearance of rarefied conditions inside the nozzles of the propulsion devices. Because of the high complexity of the plasma phenomena taking place inside such systems and the usually very high computational requirements associated with their numerical modelling, electric propulsion systems for space applications are usually designed based on empirical models and experimental data. The present work focuses on two key aspects outlined above: rarefied gas conditions in transonic micronozzle flows as well as the numerical modelling of plasma phenomena inside electric propulsion systems.
Author: Henning Struchtrup Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9783540245421 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
The well known transport laws of Navier-Stokes and Fourier fail for the simulation of processes on lengthscales in the order of the mean free path of a particle that is when the Knudsen number is not small enough. Thus, the proper simulation of flows in rarefied gases requires a more detailed description. This book discusses classical and modern methods to derive macroscopic transport equations for rarefied gases from the Boltzmann equation, for small and moderate Knudsen numbers, i.e. at and above the Navier-Stokes-Fourier level. The main methods discussed are the classical Chapman-Enskog and Grad approaches, as well as the new order of magnitude method, which avoids the short-comings of the classical methods, but retains their benefits. The relations between the various methods are carefully examined, and the resulting equations are compared and tested for a variety of standard problems. The book develops the topic starting from the basic description of an ideal gas, over the derivation of the Boltzmann equation, towards the various methods for deriving macroscopic transport equations, and the test problems which include stability of the equations, shock waves, and Couette flow.
Author: Carlo Cercignani Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441985247 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 357
Book Description
The idea for this book was conceived by the authors some time in 1988, and a first outline of the manuscript was drawn up during a summer school on mathematical physics held in Ravello in September 1988, where all three of us were present as lecturers or organizers. The project was in some sense inherited from our friend Marvin Shinbrot, who had planned a book about recent progress for the Boltzmann equation, but, due to his untimely death in 1987, never got to do it. When we drew up the first outline, we could not anticipate how long the actual writing would stretch out. Our ambitions were high: We wanted to cover the modern mathematical theory of the Boltzmann equation, with rigorous proofs, in a complete and readable volume. As the years progressed, we withdrew to some degree from this first ambition- there was just too much material, too scattered, sometimes incomplete, sometimes not rigor ous enough. However, in the writing process itself, the need for the book became ever more apparent. The last twenty years have seen an amazing number of significant results in the field, many of them published in incom plete form, sometimes in obscure places, and sometimes without technical details. We made it our objective to collect these results, classify them, and present them as best we could. The choice of topics remains, of course, subjective.
Author: Ching Shen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540272305 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
Aerodynamics is a science engaged in the investigation of the motion of air and other gases and their interaction with bodies, and is one of the most important bases of the aeronautic and astronautic techniques. The continuous improvement of the configurations of the airplanes and the space vehicles aid the constant enhancement of their performances are closely related with the development of the aerodynamics. In the design of new flying vehicles the aerodynamics will play more and more important role. The undertakings of aeronautics and astronautics in our country have gained achievements of world interest, the aerodynamics community has made outstanding contributions for the development of these undertakings and the science of aerodynamics. To promote further the development of the aerodynamics, meet the challenge in the new century, summary the experience, cultivate the professional personnel and to serve better the cause of aeronautics and astronautics and the national economy, the present Series of Modern Aerodynamics is organized and published.
Author: Franz Durst Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540713425 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 728
Book Description
Fluid mechanics embraces engineering, science, and medicine. This book’s logical organization begins with an introductory chapter summarizing the history of fluid mechanics and then moves on to the essential mathematics and physics needed to understand and work in fluid mechanics. Analytical treatments are based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The book also fully addresses the numerical and experimental methods applied to flows. This text is specifically written to meet the needs of students in engineering and science. Overall, readers get a sound introduction to fluid mechanics.
Author: Carlo Cercignani Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461210399 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 467
Book Description
Statistical mechanics may be naturally divided into two branches, one dealing with equilibrium systems, the other with nonequilibrium systems. The equilibrium properties of macroscopic systems are defined in principle by suitable averages in well-defined Gibbs's ensembles. This provides a frame work for both qualitative understanding and quantitative approximations to equilibrium behaviour. Nonequilibrium phenomena are much less understood at the present time. A notable exception is offered by the case of dilute gases. Here a basic equation was established by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1872. The Boltzmann equation still forms the basis for the kinetic theory of gases and has proved fruitful not only for a study of the classical gases Boltzmann had in mind but also, properly generalized, for studying electron transport in solids and plasmas, neutron transport in nuclear reactors, phonon transport in superfluids, and radiative transfer in planetary and stellar atmospheres. Research in both the new fields and the old one has undergone a considerable advance in the last thirty years.
Author: Henning Struchtrup
Author: Henning Struchtrup
Author: Juan Esteban Gomez Herrera
Author: Henning Struchtrup
Author: Carlo Cercignani
Author: Ching Shen
Author: W. Fiszdon
Author: Franz Durst
Author: Maurice N. Kogan
Author: Carlo Cercignani
Author: Stephen Prager