Author: Nicole M. BabuskowPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
Book Description
Longitudinal Associations Between Peer Victimization and Perceptions of the Self and Peers
Author: Nicole M. BabuskowSocial Perception Accuracy in Early Adolescence
Author: Amy Dianne BellmoreAdolescents' Experiences of Peer Victimization Across Middle School: When Do Friends Help Alleviate Distress?
Author: Hannah Lindsay SchacterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
This dissertation consists of three studies examining associations between peer victimization and maladjustment across the middle school years and investigating whether friendships mitigate the distress of victimized adolescents. These studies rely on data drawn from two different longitudinal school-based studies of ethnically diverse early adolescents' social and psychological adjustment in varying school contexts. Presuming that students who are victimized and friendless are at heightened risk for maladjustment, in Study 1 I investigate whether attending school with prosocial peers can alleviate the psychosocial distress of adolescents who are bullied and have no friends during their first year of middle school. Results from multilevel modeling indicate that being victimized and friendless makes students feel more anxious, lonely, and unsafe a year later when they go to school with less supportive peers; however, friendless victims are protected from distress when their grademates are more prosocial (e.g., stand up for the bullied). The findings suggest that victims without friends can be buffered from socio-emotional difficulties if they receive social provisions similar to those provided by friendships (e.g., support, security) from their peers at school. Extending beyond a focus on whether students have any friends, Study 2 considers the quality and characteristics of adolescents' best friendships. Perceptions of best friend emotional support and best friend victimization are investigated as moderators of short-term links between victimization and internalizing symptoms in the last year of middle school. It is hypothesized that the protective effects of emotionally supportive friendships vary depending on whether or not youth perceive their best friends as also mistreated by peers. Multivariate multilevel modeling reveals that perceiving a best friend as caring and supportive protects peer victimized boys from feeling more depressed, regardless of whether they think the best friend is also bullied. For girls, perceiving a best friend as emotionally supportive only weakens victimization-internalizing links when girls perceive their best friend as nonvictimized; when bullied girls can rely on and talk about their problems with a best friend who they think is also picked on, they feel more depressed and anxious. The findings suggest that friendships characterized by high levels of support and self-disclosure can generally make adolescents feel less distressed in the face of peer mistreatment, but such intimacy can "backfire" when girls perceive their best friend to be enduring similar social stress. Study 3 builds on Studies 1 and 2 to examine the effects of peer victimization and friends' victimization on adolescents' depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, characterological self-blame, and perceived safety across all three years of middle school. Capitalizing on four waves of data, I extend past research on individual differences in victimization and adolescent well-being to investigate whether students feel greater distress during school years when they experience increased victimization (i.e., within-person changes). A central goal is to determine whether these maladaptive associations are mitigated among youth whose friend group experiences more victimization across middle school. Rather than focusing on students' self-perceptions of a best friend's victimization (i.e., Study 2), here I examine the average victimization reported by all of adolescents' nominated friends across 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. Results from three-level multilevel models reveal both between- and within-person effects of victimization on adjustment difficulties. Moreover, students are buffered from victimization-related distress (at the between- and within-person level) when they affiliate with friends who are more victimized during middle school. In other words, sharing social plight with friends alleviates victimization-related maladjustment. By considering whether adolescents have friends, the quality of their friendships, and the social experiences of their friends across the middle school years, these studies extend our understanding of the complex ways in which friendships do (and do not) protect victimized youth from distress.
Social Withdrawal, inhibition, and Shyness in Childhood
Author: Kenneth H. RubinPublisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317781902
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
Psychologists of varying theoretical persuasions have long held that social experiences are critical to normal developmental trajectories and that the lack of such experiences is worthy of compensatory attention. Surprisingly, however, little empirical attention has been directed to the study of the psychological significance of social solitude for children. In an effort to shed new light on the meanings and developmental course of social solitude in childhood, a group of esteemed scholars from Europe and North America was invited to share and exchange information. An international audience of researchers actively involved in the study of social withdrawal and social inhibition or shyness in childhood was led in discussion by the scholars whose chapters are published in this volume. The editors hope that this offering stimulates continuing efforts to better understand the developmental meanings, causes, and courses of this childhood social dysfunction.
Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and MedicinePublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030944070X
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Suicide in Children and Adolescents
Author: Robert A. KingPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521622264
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 340
Book Description
Experts from all areas of mental health care address the questions of prediction and prevention of suicide in young people.
The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Psychology, Vol. 2
Author: Philip David ZelazoPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199958475
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 645
Book Description
This handbook provides a comprehensive survey of what is now known about psychological development, from birth to biological maturity, and it highlights how cultural, social, cognitive, neural, and molecular processes work together to yield human behavior and changes in human behavior.
Adolescence and Delinquency
Author: Nicholas EmlerPublisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN: 9780631168232
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
In this book Nicholas Emler and Stephen Reicher present a new explanation for delinquency by asking about the social dynamics of behavior and misbehavior. The central thesis argues that conduct is motivated by reputation: the problem is to explain why so many young people choose to pursue delinquent reputations. The book begins with a critical look at psychology's traditional reaction to deviance, which has been to attribute it to flaws or deficits in the individual's psychological make-up. The authors go on to examine the major theoretical perspectives on delinquency in both psychology and sociology, relating them to their common roots in the "mass society" thesis of the nineteenth century. The fit between these theories and the facts is then explored in detail: none account successfully for the major features of delinquency. In the final section, the authors develop their own account of deliquency which suggests that the pursuit or avoidance of delinquent behavior is a choice of social identity and moral reputation.
Aggression, Antisocial Behavior, and Violence Among Girls
Author: Martha PutallazPublisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 9781593852320
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 356
Book Description
From leading authorities, this book traces the development of female aggression and violence from early childhood through adulthood. Cutting-edge theoretical perspectives are interwoven with longitudinal data that elucidate the trajectories of aggressive girls' relationships with peers, with later romantic partners, and with their own children. Key issues addressed include the predictors of social and physical aggression at different points in the lifespan, connections between being a victim and a perpetrator, and the interplay of biological and sociocultural processes in shaping aggression in girls. Concluding commentaries address intervention, prevention, juvenile justice, and related research and policy initiatives.
Handbook of Peer Interactions, Relationships, and Groups
Author: Kenneth H. RubinPublisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1609182227
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 673
Book Description
This comprehensive, authoritative handbook covers the breadth of theories, methods, and empirically based findings on the ways in which children and adolescents contribute to one another's development. Leading researchers review what is known about the dynamics of peer interactions and relationships from infancy through adolescence. Topics include methods of assessing friendship and peer networks; early romantic relationships; individual differences and contextual factors in children's social and emotional competencies and behaviors; group dynamics; and the impact of peer relations on achievement, social adaptation, and mental health. Salient issues in intervention and prevention are also addressed.