Author: Darrel C. SolanikPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benthos
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Book Description
Longitudinal and Seasonal Variation in Macroinvertebrate Taxonomic and Functional Feeding Group Composition of a Central Texas Stream
Author: Darrel C. SolanikPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benthos
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Book Description
Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Functional Feeding Group Composition of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in the San Marcos River, Texas
Author: Joseph McMurry OwenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic invertebrates
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Book Description
Current and Selected Bibliographies on Benthic Biology
Author: Prairie Stream Ecology
Author: Jessica M. WarwickPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
Book Description
Tallgrass prairie streams and their fauna are understudied, due in part to their rarity. The composition of prairie stream communities differs geographically due to regionally and locally determined environmental characteristics and varies over time due to disturbance events. This research focused on expanding the current knowledge of temporal and spatial variation in the macroinvertebrate communities of Missouri prairie streams. Intra-seasonal variation in the macroinvertebrate community of one prairie stream was correlated with changes in the stream environment and resulted in three relatively short-lived but significant community groupings. These intra-seasonal community shifts also affected functional feeding group structure and led to significant differences in biomonitoring measures over the course of weeks. For situations in which small, dynamic stream systems need to be monitored, sampling should be conducted at frequent intervals to capture changes in communities that may occur within seasons. The regional diversity and community structure of prairie headwater stream communities is in part driven by both the intermittent nature and the relative scarcity of prairie stream habitat. The macroinvertebrate communities of the headwater networks from five prairies in Missouri were unique. Differences in their taxonomic composition led to differences in biomonitoring metric values. The distinct community compositions of the headwater prairie streams studied and the high regional diversity documented are likely driven by geographic isolation rather than local environmental factors. Each of these prairie stream systems is an important contributor to species diversity at a regional level. Conservation and restoration efforts must work to preserve the biotic diversity in prairie streams to support existing macroinvertebrate communities that remain. For lotic insects to maintain stable populations across fragmented prairie patches and their intermittent streams in Missouri, dispersal must occur between patches to enable recolonization of streams after disturbance. Leptophlebia konza Burian was thought to be restricted to its type locality of Konza Prairie, Kansas; however, a population was discovered at Hi Lonesome Prairie in Missouri during an extensive search of 54 prairies. DNA sequence data from cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, CO1, show that both populations of L. konza lost genetic diversity during a recent bottleneck, either because of habitat fragmentation or competition from other species, including Leptophlebia johnsoni McDunnough. The rarity of L. konza populations across Missouri when taken into consideration with DNA sequence data suggest that L. konza populations are unstable and unable to disperse between remaining prairie patches. Water quality monitoring and research activities taking place in prairie streams must take into account spatial and temporal variation in both community structure and genetic diversity across these landscapes.
Longitudinal Changes in Stream Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Trophic Structure Along Two Central Texas Headwater River Continua
Author: Brian Richard CreutzburgPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Benthos
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Feeding Dynamics in Three Forested Headwater Streams in Central Maine
Author: Emily R. ArsenaultPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquaculture
Languages : en
Pages : 154
Book Description
Headwater streams have some of the best quality water in the country (Dissmeyer 2000). Because headwaters eventually flow into other downstream water bodies like rivers and lakes, they are important places to focus research and conservation efforts. All streams in this study had good water quality based on several assessments of macroinvertebrate communities. 1. Judging from metrics of abundance, richness, EPT, and HBI, all study streams had very good water quality. Thirty-nine total families were observed among the three streams. Whittier Stream was the least healthy of the three, most likely as a result of human disturbances such as a road crossing, fishpond, and mill remnants. It is probable these habitat alterations are having an effect on downstream benthic communities. 2. The riparian zone of each stream was forested and stable, but there were some eroding banks at some points along the study reaches. The abundance of sensitive macroinvertebrates (measured using representative Orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) increased with increasing percent canopy cover and decreased with high percentages of sand characterizing the streambed. 3. Macroinvertebrates can be categorized into functional feeding groups based on feeding behavior. Shredders should hypothetically be in high abundance in headwater streams due to high riparian organic matter inputs. However, observed shredders were limited. This may be due to seasonal changes in functional feeding group ratios. In addition, all study streams had a predator/prey ratio that was higher than the ratio expected for a typical stream, which suggests that there might be an abundance of prey biomass in the study stream headwaters. 4. Based on results from stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen, most macroinvertebrates within the study streams seem to be omnivorous. The most complex food web was observed at Stony Brook. Food webs of Beaver Brook and Stony Brook showed similar trophic clustering, a pattern that might be indicative of streams with excellent water quality.
Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Function in Seasonal, Low-land, Tropical Streams Across a Pristine-rural-Urban Land-use Gradient
Author: Julie Elizabeth HelsonPatterns in Functional Structure and Diversity of Stream Fish Assemblages Related to Environmental Factors at Multiple Scales
Author: Allison Ann PeasePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The distribution and abundance of stream fishes are influenced by many factors operating at multiple scales. Understanding how environmental variables influence the structure of stream fish assemblages is important for habitat assessment, stream restoration, and for predicting responses to environmental change. An emerging view in community ecology is that a focus on the functional structure of species assemblages in relation to environmental gradients may reveal more general patterns applicable across geographic regions. In this study, I used functional traits related to the trophic ecology, habitat use, and life-history strategies of fishes to examine the influences of environmental factors on stream fish assemblages. The research was carried out in two large regions: the Río Grijalva basin in southern Mexico and the Brazos and Trinity basins in Central Texas. In both regions, relationships between functional structure of stream fish assemblages and environmental factors at local, landscape, and regional scales were examined. Environmental characteristics at all three scales influenced the functional attributes of assemblages studied here. At the local reach scale, stream size, substrate characteristics, the availability of riffle and pool habitats, and abundance of in-stream cover structures were related to the functional trait composition of fish assemblages in the Río Grijalva Basin and in Central Texas streams. Landscape features most strongly related to functional structure in both regions were the extent of forested area in the watershed and the amount of land developed for urban and agricultural uses. At the regional scale, broad physiographic differences between ecoregions had a large influence on the taxonomic and functional composition of stream fish assemblages in Central Texas. Along the broad-scale longitudinal fluvial gradient of the Grijalva region, pronounced changes in the species composition, functional trait diversity, and trophic structure of fish assemblages were observed.
Field Procedures for Analysis of Functional Feeding Groups of Stream Macroinvertebrates
Author: Kenneth W. CumminsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biotic communities
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
"Procedures outlined in this manual provide an approximate separation of stream macroinvertebrates into Functional Feeding Groups. The objective is to permit a quick initial assessment of the food base of a stream ecosystem by focusing on the functional roles played by the macroinvertebrates present. From 80 to 90% of the organisms encountered can be classified accurately in this way."--Page 1
Diversity of Macroinvertebrates in Tributaries of the Jacks Fork and Current Rivers, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri and Efficacy of Spring-fed Tributaries as Refugia
Author: Rachel L. S. HethPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 223
Book Description
Disturbance is a dominant force in streams, and macroinvertebrates have adapted by using specialized strategies to reach refugia. Refugia include stable environments with abundant shelter and food resources. In the Missouri Ozarks, spring-fed tributaries are possible refugia. To determine if spring-fed tributaries serve as thermal refugia, submergent bidirectional movement was measured from spring-fed and surface-fed confluences in the Current River, Missouri during winter and summer. Macroinvertebrates were sampled to capture standing and bidirectional movement. Macroinvertebrate communities in summer significantly differed and formed three groups: surface-fed tributaries, Current River main channel, and spring-fed tributaries as supported by nonparametric analyses. Spring-fed tributary macroinvertebrate communities were distinct, which suggests these tributaries are unlikely thermal refugia for macroinvertebrates. Because greatest community differences existed between tributary types, mesohabitats were investigated. Mesohabitats differed in community composition and taxonomic richness within functional feeding groups with marginal vegetation having high taxonomic richness. Chironomidae among mesohabitats were analyzed because of their high diversity and density in streams. At the genus level, the inclusion of chironomids in analyses did not alter bioassessment metrics although chironomids alone were able to differentiate among mesohabitats reflecting differences found by the entire macroinvertebrate community. The most abundant chironomid taxa related best to nutrients and sediments. Further work with Chironomidae at the species level could improve environmental assessment and interpretation. The mesohabitat scale was able to differentiate among macroinvertebrate communities and should be further investigated in the Ozarks.