Liquid Hydrocarbon Reforming Using Nickel-Base Catalysts PDF Download

Author: Benjamin D. Gould
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376

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Author: Qusay Yousef Bkour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Catalytic reforming
Languages : en
Pages : 367

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Book Description
The reforming of logistic liquid fuels for fuel cell applications is a challenging proposition because of the severe carbon deposition on the surface of the reforming catalyst and sulfur problems. It becomes more challenging for a catalyst to be able to reform fuels within realistic operation conditions that are compatible with fuel cells and tolerate the influence of various aromatic and poison compounds present in these fuels. Therefore, the successful reforming of these hydrocarbons will largely depend on the development of a catalyst. Supported nickel (Ni) catalyst and molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) have attracted considerable attention because of their unique chemical and physical properties and their affordable prices. However, coking over Ni catalyst and oxidation of Mo2C catalyst are the main challenges of these two catalysts. Coke formation often leads to the rapid deactivation of Ni-based catalysts and Mo2C catalysts cannot guarantee sufficient long-term stability under liquid fuel reforming conditions due to their phase instability. This work aims to improve the coking resistance of Ni catalyst by introducing a low contraction of Mo, and improve the phase stability and the performance of Mo2C by introducing of Ni and Ti.The Ni-Mo catalyst showed high reforming activity and stability with isooctane (gasoline surrogate) conversion of 97% and H2 yield of 73% over 24 hours. Our results indicated that less degree of sintering took place for the sample with Mo. Ni-Mo catalyst was used as an internal micro-reforming layer on top of conventional Ni-YSZ anode supported single cells. By applying the Ni-Mo/YSZ catalytic internal reforming layer, the single-cell displayed significantly improved stability with a low degradation rate compared to the cell without the catalyst layer. Ni-Mo2C and Ti-Mo2C catalysts exhibited excellent stability over the 24 h test period without indication of oxidation or coking with carbon conversion of 90%, H2 yield of 56% and CO yield of 63%. The addition of Ti or Ni to Mo2C improves hydrocarbon activation, which enhances the carburization process of the carbide catalysts. Thus, the balance between the oxidation of Mo2C and carburization of MoOx can be achieve.

Author: Herman Pines
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323155928
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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Book Description
The Chemistry of Catalytic Hydrocarbon Conversions covers the various chemical aspects of catalytic conversions of hydrocarbons. This book is composed of eight chapters that include catalytic synthesis of hydrocarbons from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methanol. The opening chapters examine various acid- and base-catalyzed reactions, such as isomerization, polymerization, oligomerization, alkylation, catalytic cracking, reforming, hydrocracking, and hydrogenation. The subsequent chapters are devoted to specific catalytic reactions, including heterogeneous hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, aromatization, and oxidation. Other chapters describe the homogeneous catalysis by transition metal organometallic catalysts and the metathesis of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The concluding chapter deals with the synthesis of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methanol, and dimethyl ether. This book is of great benefit to petroleum chemists, engineers, and researchers.

Author: Asghar Zeini-Isfahani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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The object of this thesis was to gain a greater understanding of the mechanism of the catalytic steam reforming of methane and higher hydrocarbons and of related reactions (methanation and water-gas shift)......

Author: Steven L Suib
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444538712
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 631

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Book Description
New and Future Developments in Catalysis is a package of seven books that compile the latest ideas concerning alternate and renewable energy sources and the role that catalysis plays in converting new renewable feedstock into biofuels and biochemicals. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes will be discussed in a unified and comprehensive approach. There will be extensive cross-referencing within all volumes.The various sources of environmental pollution are the theme of this volume. The volume lists all current environmentally friendly catalytic chemical processes used for environmental remediation and critically compares their economic viability. - Offers in-depth coverage of all catalytic topics of current interest and outlines future challenges and research areas - A clear and visual description of all parameters and conditions, enabling the reader to draw conclusions for a particular case - Outlines the catalytic processes applicable to energy generation and design of green processes

Author: John W. Shabaker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Author: W. R. Alcorn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73

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Theoretical and experimental studies of the integrated anode in the internal-reforming hydrocarbon-air fuel cell were conducted. Catalyst activity, reaction kinetics and mass transfer effects were evaluated with two experimental systems: a one-inch anode cell and a packed-bed reactor. A computer program was prepared to determine equilibrium gas compositions obtained in hydrocarbon reforming. 1.5 and 1.0-mil Pd/Ag membranes were activated on the gas-side with various combinations of deposited metals to determine their reforming capacity and hydrogen extraction efficiency at low pressures. Reforming capacity was very low. On the basis of limited data, hydrogen extraction efficiency appears to be somewhat improved by certain combinations of Pd, Ni, and Co. Reactor studies indicated that significant delay of catalyst reforming activity is probably associated with deposition of carbon, in some form, during reforming. Little or no effect of sulfur compounds on activity was observed. (Author).

Author: Ke Liu
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471719757
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572

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Book Description
Covers the timely topic of fuel cells and hydrogen-based energy from its fundamentals to practical applications Serves as a resource for practicing researchers and as a text in graduate-level programs Tackles crucial aspects in light of the new directions in the energy industry, in particular how to integrate fuel processing into contemporary systems like nuclear and gas power plants Includes homework-style problems

Author: Dushyant Shekhawat
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444535640
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 569

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Book Description
Fuel Cells: Technologies for Fuel Processing provides an overview of the most important aspects of fuel reforming to the generally interested reader, researcher, technologist, teacher, student, or engineer. The topics covered include all aspects of fuel reforming: fundamental chemistry, different modes of reforming, catalysts, catalyst deactivation, fuel desulfurization, reaction engineering, novel reforming concepts, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer issues, system design, and recent research and development. While no attempt is made to describe the fuel cell itself, there is sufficient description of the fuel cell to show how it affects the fuel reformer. By focusing on the fundamentals, this book aims to be a source of information now and in the future. By avoiding time-sensitive information/analysis (e.g., economics) it serves as a single source of information for scientists and engineers in fuel processing technology. The material is presented in such a way that this book will serve as a reference for graduate level courses, fuel cell developers, and fuel cell researchers. - Chapters written by experts in each area - Extensive bibliography supporting each chapter - Detailed index - Up-to-date diagrams and full colour illustrations

Author: James G. Speight
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 1437778526
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 410

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Book Description
As feedstocks to refineries change, there must be an accompanying change in refinery technology. This means a movement from conventional means of refining heavy feedstocks using (typically) coking technologies to more innovative processes that will coax the last drips of liquid fuels from the feedstock. This book presents the evolution of refinery processes during the last century and as well as the means by which refinery processes will evolve during the next three-to-five decades. Chapters contain material relevant to (1) comparisons of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks; (2) evolution of refineries since the 1950s, (3) properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks, (4) thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses, and (5) evolution of products to match the environmental market. Process innovations that have influenced refinery processing over the past three decades are presented, as well as the relevant patents that have the potential for incorporation into future refineries.• Comparison of current feedstocks with heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Evolution of refineries over the past three decades. • Properties and refinability of heavy oil and bio-feedstocks. • Thermal processes vs. Hydroprocesses. • Evolution of products to match the environmental market. - Investigates the engineering and plant design challenges presented by heavy oil and bio-feedstocks - Explores the legislatory and regulatory climate, including increasingly stringent environmental requirements - Examines the trade-offs of thermal processes vs. hydroprocesses