Author: Caspar Christian Cedric Chater
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889717070
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Book Description

Author: Eduardo Zeiger
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 9780804713474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Book Description

Author: Wenxiu Ye
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889746208
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188

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Book Description

Author: Paul Gordon Jarvis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521281515
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 308

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Book Description
This volume contains papers on anatomy, physiology and action of stomata.

Author: Tsvi Sachs
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521248655
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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Book Description
Of great interest to all those engaged in attempting to understand the principles behind plant development.

Author: Abigail R. Simmons
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Development, the process by which a single cell gives rise to an entire organism, requires that organisms balance cell proliferation with cell differentiation. While similar themes are found in plant and animal development, multicellularity evolved after the split of the animal and plant lineages 1.6 billion years ago. Thus, few of the actual proteins or pathways are conserved between animals and plants. Plants are known for their developmental flexibility, changing the size and compositions of organs such as leaves in response to the environment. Whole and partial genome duplications in plants have allowed for the expansion of many gene families, leading to subfunctionalization. The increase in the number of cyclins, for example, has led to speculation that different cyclins allow for integration of developmental and environmental information into the cell cycle. Stomata are pores on the surface of the plant epidermis flanked by two guard cells, which allow plants to balance gas exchange with moisture loss and are thus essential for life on land. In addition to the physiological importance of stomata, the stomatal lineage of Arabidopsis thaliana is a microcosm of development. The major regulators of stomatal development are three bHLH transcription factors SPCH, MUTE and FAMA. In stomatal development, first a subset of epidermal precursor cells begins to express SPCH and divide asymmetrically to form stem-cell-like meristemoids, then these meristemoids continue to divide asymmetrically to produce the majority of cells in the leaf epidermis. Next the meristemoid stops expressing SPCH, begins expressing MUTE and transitions into a guard mother cell (GMC). GMCs express FAMA before dividing once, symmetrically, to produce the two guard cells of the stoma. Major cell fate transitions, from meristemoid to GMC and GMC to guard cells, occur and are coordinated with cell divisions. During this process, cell-cell signaling is key for proper patterning of the epidermis, and the lineage responds to signals from the environment and from other tissues. Thus, the stomatal lineage can be used to study many different aspects of development in a tissue that is accessible and amenable to live imaging. While my research in this thesis is focused on Arabidopsis it is worth noting that stomata are found in all higher plants, and my research may be relevant to other plant model species, as well as crop species. In this dissertation, Chapter 1 is an introduction to the literature and is followed by three data chapters (2-4) and a final fifth chapter providing an overall perspective on my work and potential future directions. In Chapter 2, I analyzed SOL1 and SOL2, two stomatal lineage expressed genes identified as direct targets of the transcription factor SPCH. These genes encode proteins containing putative DNA-binding proteins with a distinctive CXC-Hinge-CXC (CHC) domain. I found that sol1 sol2 double mutants display phenotypes consistent with defects in cell fate transitions as well as defects in the cell cycle. Both SOL1 and SOL2 display a striking cell cycle dependent expression pattern and time-lapse imaging revealed that they consistently begin expression sometime in G1, before disappearing 1 -- 2 hours before the new cell plate is detected. Perhaps most surprisingly I found that their homolog TSO1, which is not a SPCH target but expressed in the epidermis nonetheless, opposed the action of SOL1 and SOL2 at the final symmetric division. While SOL1 and SOL2 restrain this division, TSO1 promotes it. In Chapter 3, I identified a segregating background mutation in the sol1 sol2 line, which was causing a more severe phenotype. The more severe phenotype included greater numbers of small cells than sol1 sol2 at the 7 dpg stage and additional divisions at the guard mother cell stage, resulting in extended tumors of undifferentiated guard cells reminiscent of fama and flp myb88 mutants. Whole genome sequencing seedlings with the severe phenotype revealed a mutation in HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS 2 (HDG2). HDG2 was confirmed as the causal mutation by constructing a triple sol1 sol2 hdg2 mutation using a previously characterized SALK line and rescuing the severe phenotype using a HDG2pro:HDG2-GFP transgene. In Chapter 4, I explored the idea of a plant version of the DREAM complex including the CHC and MYB3R proteins introduced in Chapter 2 as well as other plant homologs of proteins found in the animal complexes. Using publicly available datasets, I examined expression patterns of DREAM complex components throughout the stomatal lineage. I also screened available mutants for stomatal lineage phenotypes and constructed reporter lines. I did not identify any stomatal lineage phenotypes in these mutants likely due to redundancy among the members of these multi-gene families. Of particular interest were the ALWAYS EARLY family, which in animals are direct binding partners of the CHC proteins. Despite multiple attempts, I was unable to identify aly1/2/3 triple mutants from a segregating population which could indicate linkage of alleles due to a chromosomal rearrangement or early embryo lethality.

Author: Alan R. Hemsley
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080472729
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 510

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Book Description
Coupled with biomechanical data, organic geochemistry and cladistic analyses utilizing abundant genetic data, scientific studies are revealing new facets of how plants have evolved over time. This collection of papers examines these early stages of plant physiology evolution by describing the initial physiological adaptations necessary for survival as upright structures in a dry, terrestrial environment. The Evolution of Plant Physiology also encompasses physiology in its broadest sense to include biochemistry, histology, mechanics, development, growth, reproduction and with an emphasis on the interplay between physiology, development and plant evolution. Contributions from leading neo- and palaeo-botanists from the Linnean Society Focus on how evolution shaped photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction and metabolism. Coverage of the effects of specific evolutionary forces -- variations in water and nutrient availability, grazing pressure, and other environmental variables

Author: M.B. Kirkham
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200788
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 599

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Book Description
Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 2e describes the principles of water relations within soils, followed by the uptake of water and its subsequent movement throughout and from the plant body. This is presented as a progressive series of physical and biological interrelations, even though each topic is treated in detail on its own. The book also describes equipment used to measure water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. At the end of each chapter is a biography of a scientist whose principles are discussed in the chapter. In addition to new information on the concept of celestial time, this new edition also includes new chapters on methods to determine sap flow in plants dual-probe heat-pulse technique to monitor water in the root zone. Provides the necessary understanding to address advancing problems in water availability for meeting ecological requirements at local, regional and global scales Covers plant anatomy: an essential component to understanding soil and plant water relations

Author: Gordon Bonan
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107043786
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 459

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Book Description
Provides an essential introduction to modeling terrestrial ecosystems in Earth system models for graduate students and researchers.

Author: Agepati S Raghavendra
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889451674
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107

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Book Description
Stomata, the tiny pores on leaf surface, are the gateways for CO2 uptake during photosynthesis as well as water loss in transpiration. Further, plants use stomatal closure as a defensive response, often triggered by elicitors, to prevent the entry of pathogens. The guard cells are popular model systems to study the signalling mechanism in plant cells. The messengers that mediate closure upon perception of elicitors or microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are quite similar to those during ABA effects. These components include reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), cytosolic pH and intracellular Ca2+. The main components are ROS, NO and cytosolic free Ca2+. The list extends to others, such as G-proteins, protein phosphatases, protein kinases, phospholipids and ion channels. The sequence of these signalling components and their interaction during stomatal signalling are complex and quite interesting. The present e-Book provides a set of authoritative articles from ‘Special Research Topic’ on selected areas of stomatal guard cells. In the first set of two articles, an overview of ABA and MAMPs as signals is presented. The next set of 4 articles, emphasize the role of ROS, NO, Ca2+ as well as pH, as secondary messengers. The next group of 3 articles highlight the recent advances on post-translational modification of guard cell proteins, with emphasis on 14-3-3 proteins and MAPK cascades. The last article described the method to isolate epidermis of grass species and monitor stomatal responses to different signals. Our e-Book is a valuable and excellent source of information for all those interested in guard cell function as well as signal transduction in plant cells.