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Author: Gudrun B. Keding Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736935986 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This cross-sectional sequential study investigated the link between vegetable diversity available (“production”) and dietary diversity of women (“consumption”) in three different districts of rural Tanzania. Furthermore, the relationship between the nutritional health status of participants and cropping and dietary diversity was analysed. The study was carried out during three different seasons within one year (2006/2007) in 18 villages of three districts in north-eastern and central Tanzania including 252 women. The survey included an individual interview on vegetable production, food consumption (i.a. 24h-recall, 7drecall on vegetables) and nutritional knowledge, and the measurement of body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin (Hb) for iron status and different parameters for vitamin A status. Besides studying single nutrients, food groups and health problems, also a more holistic view was taken on dietary diversity/food variety and dietary patterns and their relationships with nutritional status and vegetable production. Relationships were investigated both through bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis; dietary diversity and food variety scores were calculated and dietary patterns were generated through principal component analysis (PCA) as well as cluster analysis. Regarding the link between production and consumption, there was a clear relationship between vegetable diversity produced and diversity consumed, while this was not so clear between production and consumption quantity, except for single seasons. Influencing factors on consumed vegetable quantity were suggested to be seasonality; the purchase of additional vegetables (especially exotic) next to home-grown ones; and knowledge, attitudes and preferences of women regarding vegetable consumption. When analysing food patterns, no direct association between diversity of vegetable cropping and vegetable consumption was established. Yet, for the study population in Tanzania it was found that food consumption was (still) influenced by local production and that, therefore, food consumption issues should always integrate existing food production and vice versa. The link established between food consumption and nutritional health data of the present study showed that the obesity epidemic is on the rise, even in rural, poor and underdeveloped regions of Tanzania. Furthermore, it was found that a high dietary diversity is not per se a guarantee for a healthy diet, yet, food types and food groups that contribute to a high diversity are decisive. A direct link between production and nutritional health could only partly be shown. Obviously, the focus on vegetable production seems to be not sufficient, but overall food production needs to be taken into account. Further recommendations for future research are, i.a., to investigate the influence of exotic vegetables and, generally, exotic foods in production and consumption on nutritional health; to enhance dietary diversity scores as a tool for assessing dietary diversity together with dietary quality; to eleborate dietary guidelines for Tanzania, preferably district- or area-wise; to investigate the nutrition transition in Tanzania especially in rural areas with a focus on the nutritional knowledge of people, their attitudes, preferences (e.g. taste) and behaviour
Author: Gudrun B. Keding Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag ISBN: 3736935986 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This cross-sectional sequential study investigated the link between vegetable diversity available (“production”) and dietary diversity of women (“consumption”) in three different districts of rural Tanzania. Furthermore, the relationship between the nutritional health status of participants and cropping and dietary diversity was analysed. The study was carried out during three different seasons within one year (2006/2007) in 18 villages of three districts in north-eastern and central Tanzania including 252 women. The survey included an individual interview on vegetable production, food consumption (i.a. 24h-recall, 7drecall on vegetables) and nutritional knowledge, and the measurement of body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin (Hb) for iron status and different parameters for vitamin A status. Besides studying single nutrients, food groups and health problems, also a more holistic view was taken on dietary diversity/food variety and dietary patterns and their relationships with nutritional status and vegetable production. Relationships were investigated both through bivariate correlations and multiple regression analysis; dietary diversity and food variety scores were calculated and dietary patterns were generated through principal component analysis (PCA) as well as cluster analysis. Regarding the link between production and consumption, there was a clear relationship between vegetable diversity produced and diversity consumed, while this was not so clear between production and consumption quantity, except for single seasons. Influencing factors on consumed vegetable quantity were suggested to be seasonality; the purchase of additional vegetables (especially exotic) next to home-grown ones; and knowledge, attitudes and preferences of women regarding vegetable consumption. When analysing food patterns, no direct association between diversity of vegetable cropping and vegetable consumption was established. Yet, for the study population in Tanzania it was found that food consumption was (still) influenced by local production and that, therefore, food consumption issues should always integrate existing food production and vice versa. The link established between food consumption and nutritional health data of the present study showed that the obesity epidemic is on the rise, even in rural, poor and underdeveloped regions of Tanzania. Furthermore, it was found that a high dietary diversity is not per se a guarantee for a healthy diet, yet, food types and food groups that contribute to a high diversity are decisive. A direct link between production and nutritional health could only partly be shown. Obviously, the focus on vegetable production seems to be not sufficient, but overall food production needs to be taken into account. Further recommendations for future research are, i.a., to investigate the influence of exotic vegetables and, generally, exotic foods in production and consumption on nutritional health; to enhance dietary diversity scores as a tool for assessing dietary diversity together with dietary quality; to eleborate dietary guidelines for Tanzania, preferably district- or area-wise; to investigate the nutrition transition in Tanzania especially in rural areas with a focus on the nutritional knowledge of people, their attitudes, preferences (e.g. taste) and behaviour
Author: Jessica Fanzo Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136461450 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
Currently 868 million people are undernourished and 195 million children under five years of age are stunted. At the same time, over 1 billion people are overweight and obese in both the developed and developing world. Diseases previously associated with affluence, such as cancer, diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, are on the rise. Food system-based approaches to addressing these problems that could enhance food availability and diet quality through local production and agricultural biodiversity often fall outside the traditional scope of nutrition, and have been under-researched. As a consequence, there remains insufficient evidence to support well-defined, scalable agricultural biodiversity interventions that can be linked to improvements in nutrition outcomes. Agricultural biodiversity is important for food and nutritional security, as a safeguard against hunger, a source of nutrients for improved dietary diversity and quality, and strengthening local food systems and environmental sustainability. This book explores the current state of knowledge on the role of agricultural biodiversity in improving diets, nutrition and food security. Using examples and case studies from around the globe, the book explores current strategies for improving nutrition and diets and identifies key research and implementation gaps that need to be addressed to successfully promote the better use of agricultural biodiversity for rural and urban populations and societies in transition.
Author: Katinka Weinberger Publisher: AVRDC-WorldVegetableCenter ISBN: 9290581360 Category : Indigenous crops Languages : en Pages : 81
Book Description
Introduction; Purpose and approach; Nutritional analysis; Consumers perspective; Production aspects; Seed sector; Collections of indigenous vegetable germplasm; Conclusion; Bibliography; Annex; List of tables.
Author: Danny Hunter Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429638264 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
This book examines the challenges and impacts of poor diets and nutrition from current food systems and the potential contribution of biodiversity and ecosystem services in addressing these problems. There is a strong need for a multi-level, cross-sectoral approach that connects food biodiversity conservation and sustainable use to address critical problems in our current food systems, including malnutrition. Building on research from the Biodiversity for Food and Nutrition Project (BFN), which aims to better link biodiversity, diets and nutrition, the book presents a multi-country, cross-sectoral analysis of initiatives that have promoted local food biodiversity in four countries: Brazil, Kenya, Turkey and Sri Lanka. This book offers a comprehensive summary of the BFN Project results in each of the four countries along with lessons learned and how this work could be upscaled or applied in other regions. It argues that the strategic promotion and use of food biodiversity is critical in uniting attempts to address conservation, nutrition and livelihood concerns. The book is structured around chapters and case studies encompassing the BFN Project with specific experiences related by partners who played key roles in the work being done in each country. By offering a comparative view capable of furthering dialogue between the respective countries, it is also meant to connect the individual cases for a “greater than the sum of its parts” effect. This means consideration of how localized activities can be adapted to more countries and regions. Therefore, the book addresses global issues with a foot planted firmly in the grounded case study locations. This book will be of great interest to policymakers, practitioners and NGOs working on food and nutrition, as well as students and scholars of agriculture, food systems and sustainable development.
Author: Ryan Frederick Mason Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ecology Languages : en Pages : 95
Book Description
This thesis examines two cultural components of food security in rural Tanzania, specifically gendered mobilities and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in the District of Kongwa. Drawing on critical and focused ethnographic principles, intra-household data was collected from 27 households in two communities using participant observation, cognitive maps, and multiple rounds of semi-structured intra-household interviews (61 interviews in total). Gendered mobility is analyzed using Cresswell and Uteng's (2008) trifold framework (movement, meaning and potential mobility), which provides the opportunity to study physical and socio-cultural components of movement. Results demonstrate that women in Kongwa have different access to mobility than their male counterparts ultimately limiting their comparative access to food during the hunger season. Men have the ability and expectation to: A) leisurely move around the communities to visit other households to share in their meals, and B) migrate to seasonally food secure regions of Tanzania in order to work or find food during the hunger season. In contrast, narratives of femininity, expected labour roles of women and child rearing activities generally limit the mobility of women to household activities. Moreover, women's relative immobility means that they have more difficulty accessing casual labour and long term food stores than men. However, women have access to short term emergency food stores during the hunger season, which men cannot access. In the second half of the thesis, Berkes' (2008) three layers of knowledge (knowledge, practice, belief) are used to analyze Traditional Ecological Knowledge on food security that exists in Kongwa. Efforts were made to collect conscious knowledge as well as tacit knowledge embedded in practices, social institutions and collective attitudes using participant observation and interviews. Findings indicate that a knowledge paradox exists within Kongwa whereby local peasants possess TEK seen through agricultural practices and coping strategies for hunger and drought, but this knowledge is locally devalued resulting in a lack of collective efficacy for development. Additionally, outsiders with development interests (government, NGOs, etc.) do not challenge the self-perception of inefficacy in Kongwa, thus exacerbating the local desire for different knowledge for development and enhanced dependence on outsider knowledge. These findings about Traditional Ecological Knowledge combined with those on gendered mobility in Kongwa demonstrate the importance and complexity of addressing cultural components of food security research and development.
Author: Shenggen Fan Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: 0896296733 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
The fundamental purpose of agriculture is not just to produce food and raw materials, but also to grow healthy, well-nourished people. One of the sector’s most important tasks then is to provide food of sufficient quantity and quality to feed and nourish the world’s population sustainably so that all people can lead healthy, productive lives. Achieving this goal will require closer collaboration across the sectors of agriculture, nutrition, and health, which have long operated in separate spheres with little recognition of how their actions affect each other. It is time for agriculture, nutrition, and health to join forces in pursuit of the common goal of improving human well-being. In Reshaping Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, leading experts, practitioners, and policymakers explore the links among agriculture, nutrition, and health and identify ways to strengthen related policies and programs. The chapters in this book were originally commissioned as background papers or policy briefs for the conference “Leveraging Agriculture for Improving Nutrition and Health,” facilitated by the International Food Policy Research Institute’s 2020 Vision Initiative in New Delhi, India, in February 2011.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251305293 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
Farmers play a crucial role in the preservation and sustainable use of agrobiodiversity. In fact, the diversity of species that support our current agricultural production systems has been carefully managed and shaped by farming communities, over the course of the history of humankind. Farmers act as custodian of the Earth’s agrobiodiversity resources, and play a big part in preserving traditional plant and animal varieties, and the knowledge associated with these. FAO has long been working on promoting approaches to agriculture that enable both the sustainable use of biodiversity resources for food and agriculture, and their conservation, and on supporting farmers to make informed decisions on their farm management and production practices. This training manual fits in this broader commitment, to support a shift towards a paradigm of agricultural production that can sustain food and nutrition security while at the same time cause the least harm to natural ecosystems. The manual is intended as an introduction to agricultural biodiversity, and to its relevance to different aspects of agricultural production and management for smallholder farmers in Kenya. It includes eight different training modules, each covering a specific aspect related to agrobiodiversity. The modules are standalone and can be used independently one from the other, depending on the user’s or project’s aim. The materials were originally prepared within the FAO- Netherlands Partnership Programme (FNPP) and have been updated, revised and published under the second phase of the European Union-funded project “Capacity-building related to multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) in Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries”.
Author: Kumiko Sakamoto Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9819933706 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 353
Book Description
This book presents different dietary patterns, some utilizing wild foods and others facing drastically changing dietary patterns, and shows their implications for health in terms of wealth, mutual assistance, food sufficiency and food diversity. The book examines these globally important issues through a case study of Tanzania. Using a novel methodology based on a global standard quality of life indicator, the book sheds light on the relationship between wild food intake and health in Tanzania. Descriptive case studies illustrate the impact of various food patterns and wild food intake on human health. It also highlights the divergence between food production sufficiency and food diversity. It then discusses the influence of wealth, mutual relations, and methods of food access. Finally, the book concludes with recommendations for maintaining good health in various environments. The intended readers of this book are academics and professionals in the fields of development, nutrition, and environment in East Africa. These include, but are not limited to, regional and district personnel who are actively engaged in development, relevant ministries of food and agriculture, and international organizations such as FAO, UNICEF, UNDP, and UNEP. In the academic field, students and researchers in international studies, development studies, African studies, social studies, cultural studies, nutrition, agriculture, and environmental studies are targeted.
Author: Gudrun B. Keding
Author: Gudrun B. Keding
Author: Jessica Fanzo
Author: Katinka Weinberger
Author: Danny Hunter
Author: A. C. Mascarenhas
Author: 
Author: Ryan Frederick Mason
Author: Shenggen Fan
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: Kumiko Sakamoto