Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Maritime law
Languages : en
Pages : 406
Book Description
Liner Shipping in the Eighties
Author: Conference Report, International Symposium on Liner Shipping IV.
Author: Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law
Author: Luis Ortiz BlancoPublisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1847313655
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 698
Book Description
Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.
International Merchant Shipping in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Author: Lewis R. FischerPublisher: Liverpool University Press
ISBN: 1786948990
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Book Description
This book compiles seven essays concerning changes to merchant shipping over the hundred and fifty years between 1850 and 2000, and spanning a range of countries, with particular focus on Norway, Greece, Japan, and England. The essays are linked by the theme of change: from traditional to modern shipping; in fluctuating cargo demands; from sail to steam; wood to iron; in improvements in communication technologies; in political natures and affiliations; in seafaring skillsets; in the advent of containerisation and advent of globalisation. The overall aim is to construct a solid international context for the merchant shipping industry in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries - primarily to aid a major Norwegian deep-sea merchant marine project. The book contains an introduction that sets out these aims, and seven essays by maritime historians which form part of the international contextual whole, though all can be approached individually.
Shipping statistics
Author: Shipping Statistics Yearbook
Author: Shipping Business and Maritime Economy
Author: J. McConvillePublisher: Burns & Oates
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 520
Book Description
This annotated international bibliography of over 3000 entries on the business and economic aspects of shipping places an emphasis on commercial as opposed to operations factors. It covers a period from the early 1970s to 1994, but also includes seminal works published prior to 1970.
Current Literature in Traffic and Transportation
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communication and traffic
Languages : en
Pages : 574
Book Description
Journal of World Trade Law
Author: Port Management Textbook
Author: Rolf StuchteyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Harbors
Languages : en
Pages : 292
Book Description