Light Element Abundances in the Galactic Disk PDF Download

Author: Martin John Begley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Milky Way
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Author: Philippe Crane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540491694
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Book Description
This is the first volume of a series on a regular up-to-date coverage of important developments in astronomy and astrophysics jointly published by ESO and Springer-Verlag. Here the reader finds a thorough review of the abundances of the elements up to Boron. Special emphasis is laid on primordial abundances of interest to cosmologists in particular, and on stellar production or destruction respectively. The articles written for researchers and graduate students cover theory and most recent data from telescope observations.

Author: International Astronomical Union. Symposium
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521765060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Book Description
IAU Symposium 268 presents an overview of the most recent observational and theoretical research on the formation and evolution of light elements in the Universe: H, He, Li, Be, B, and their isotopes. Astrophysicists from a variety of subfields discuss recent developments that will improve our understanding of the light elements and provide important clues to stellar and galactic evolution, Big Bang nucleosynthesis, and cosmology. Striking observational progress has been achieved recently through the advent of next generation ground- and space-based telescopes, such as the cosmic microwave background experiments that allow the accurate determination of the baryon density of the Universe. New theoretical breakthroughs in describing stellar interiors and the chemical evolution of complex systems and the remaining challenges in this field are also addressed. This critical review is a useful resource for all those interested in the chemical evolution of the Universe.

Author: Francesca Matteucci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642224911
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237

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Book Description
The term “chemical evolution of galaxies” refers to the evolution of abundances of chemical species in galaxies, which is due to nuclear processes occurring in stars and to gas flows into and out of galaxies. This book deals with the chemical evolution of galaxies of all morphological types (ellipticals, spirals and irregulars) and stresses the importance of the star formation histories in determining the properties of stellar populations in different galaxies. The topic is approached in a didactical and logical manner via galaxy evolution models which are compared with observational results obtained in the last two decades: The reader is given an introduction to the concept of chemical abundances and learns about the main stellar populations in our Galaxy as well as about the classification of galaxy types and their main observables. In the core of the book, the construction and solution of chemical evolution models are discussed in detail, followed by descriptions and interpretations of observations of the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, spheroidal galaxies, irregular galaxies and of cosmic chemical evolution. The aim of this book is to provide an introduction to students as well as to amend our present ideas in research; the book also summarizes the efforts made by authors in the past several years in order to further future research in the field.

Author: Francesca Matteucci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401009678
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 295

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Book Description
This book is based partly on a. lecture course given at the University of Tri este, but mostly on my own research experience in the field of galactic chemical evolution. The subject of galactic chemical evolution was started and developed by Beat rice Tinsley in the seventies and now is a flourishing subject. This book is dedi cated to the chemical evolution of our Galaxy and aims at giving an up-to-date review of what we have learned since Tinsley's pioneering efforts. At the time of writing, in fact, books of this kind were not available with the exception of the excellent book by Bernard Pagel on "Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies" (Cambridge University Press, 1997), and the subject of galactic chem ical evolution has appeared only as short chapters in books devoted to other subjects. Therefore, I felt that a book of this kind could be useful. The book summarizes the observational facts which allow us to reconstruct the chemical history of our Galaxy, in particular the abundances in stars and in terstellar medium; in the last decade, a great deal of observational work, mostly abundance determinations in stars in the solar vicinity, has shed light on the pro duction and distribution of chemical elements. Even more recently more abun dance data have accumulated for external galaxies at both low and high redshift, thus providing precious information on the chemical evolution of different types of galaxies and on the early stages of galaxy evolution.

Author: Gerard Gilmore
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400756113
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This is volume 5 of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems, a six-volume compendium of modern astronomical research, covering subjects of key interest to the main fields of contemporary astronomy. This volume on “Galactic Structure and Stellar Populations”, edited by Gerard F. Gilmore, presents accessible review chapters on Stellar Populations, Chemical Abundances as Population Tracers, Metal-Poor Stars and the Chemical Enrichment of the Universe, The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function of Simple and Composite Populations, The Galactic Nucleus, The Galactic Bulge, Open Clusters and Their Role in the Galaxy, Star Counts and the Nature of Galactic Thick Disk, The Infrared Galaxy, Interstellar PAHs and Dust, Galactic Neutral Hydrogen, High-Velocity Clouds, Magnetic Fields in Galaxies, Astrophysics of Galactic Charged Cosmic Rays, Gamma-Ray Emission of Supernova Remnants and the Origin of Galactic Cosmic Rays, Galactic Distance Scales, Globular Cluster Dynamical Evolution, Dynamics of Disks and Warps, Mass Distribution and Rotation Curve in the Galaxy, Dark Matter in the Galactic Dwarf Spheroidal Satellites, and History of Dark Matter in Galaxies. All chapters of the handbook were written by practicing professionals. They include sufficient background material and references to the current literature to allow readers to learn enough about a specialty within astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology to get started on their own practical research projects. In the spirit of the series Stars and Stellar Systems published by Chicago University Press in the 1960s and 1970s, each chapter of Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems can stand on its own as a fundamental review of its respective sub-discipline, and each volume can be used as a textbook or recommended reference work for advanced undergraduate or postgraduate courses. Advanced students and professional astronomers in their roles as both lecturers and researchers will welcome Planets, Stars and Stellar Systems as a comprehensive and pedagogical reference work on astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology.

Author: Nikos Prantzos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Book Description
I: Early Universe.- Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Density of Baryons in the Universe.- Observed Densities in the Universe.- Non-BBN Constraints on the Key Cosmological Parameters.- Stars and Stellar Systems at z > 5: Implications for Structure Formation and Nucleosynthesis.- Big Bang Theory and Primordial Nuclei.- II: Extragalactic Objects.- On the Measurements of D/H in QSO Absorption Systems.- A Reverse Monte-Carlo Study of H+D Lyman Alpha Absorption from QSO Spectra.- The Primordial Helium-4 Abundance from Observations of a Large Sample of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies.- Temperature Fluctuations, Hii Region Abundances, and Primordial Helium.- Towards an Understanding of the Systematic Uncertainties in Deriving the Primordial Helium Abundance from Hii Region Observations.- Primordial Helium and ?Y/?Z from Hii Regions and from Fine Structure in the Main Sequence Based on Hipparcos Parallaxes.- Extragalactic Abundances of Hydrogen, Deuterium, and Helium.- III: Low-Z Stars.- The Low Metallicity Tail of the Halo Metallicity Distribution Function.- Lithium Abundances in Low-Z Stars.- Lithium Abundance in Pop. II Stars.- Galactic Evolution of the Light Elements: A New Set of B Observations.- Key Questions for Low-Metallicity Stars.- IV: Galactic Disk, Galactic Evolution.- Measurements of the 12C/13C Ratio in Planetary Nebulae and Implications for Stellar Evolution.- Helium-3: Status and Prospects.- Mixing in Stars and the Evolution of the 3He Abundance.- Galactic Evolution of D and 3He.- Halo White Dwarfs and Baryonic Dark Matter.- The Chemical Evolution of the Milky Way Disk.- V: Solar Nebula.- Abundances of Deuterium and Helium-3 in the Protosolar Cloud.- Galileo Probe Measurements of D/H and 3He/4He in Jupiter's Atmosphere.- Evidence of Element Diffusion Inside the Sun and the Stars and its Consequences on the Lithium Primordial Abundance.- VI: Local Interstellar Medium.- Measurement of the Abundance of Helium-3 in the Sun and in the Local Interstellar Cloud with SWICS on Ulysses.- Deuterium Abundance in the Local ISM and Possible Spatial Variations.- Deuterium Observations in the Galaxy.- Local Interstellar Medium.- Epilogue.- Workshop Summary.- Author Index.- List of Participants.

Author: F. Matteucci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780792366799
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 644

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This review of the most up-to-date observational and theoretical information concerning the chemical evolution of the Milky Way compares the abundances derived from field stars and clusters, giving information on the abundances and dynamics of gas.

Author: International Astronomical Union. Symposium
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521889858
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 542

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Book Description
The paradigm of a dark energy- and dark matter-dominated Universe, with the hierarchical merger scenario for the formation of galaxies, has scored impressive successes in matching the observed Universe. However, the theory fails to explain the difficulty in generating ordinary disk galaxies such as the Milky Way, suggesting that some important physics must be missing in current models. IAU Symposium 254 was organized to address this question, gathering researchers from an unusually broad range of fields, from cosmology to interstellar matter, and the formation and evolution of stars. High-class reviews, lectures and posters combine to define the frontiers in the field and point the way to new avenues of research. This volume presents a unique set of succinct overviews illuminating the full range of topics in this very active field. It also honors Danish astrophysicist Bengt Strömgren (1908-1987), who laid much of the foundation for this entire field.

Author: B. Hauck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789027706751
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300

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The general discussions of the roles of photometric and spectroscopic classification at Cordoba in 1971 (lAU Symposium No. 50), and of the calibration of classification indices at Geneva in 1972 (IAU Symposium No. 54), revealed clearly the steadily in creasing importance of abundance parameters. The multipliCity of these, however, raised so many new problems that it was logical that the 1975 meeting at Lausanne should be concerned with ways in which differences in abundance affect both spectral types and photometric indices. Commissions 29 and 36 joined with Commission 45 in sponsoring this Symposium. Since the date of the meeting came shortly after the formal retirement of Professor William W. Morgan from the University of Chicago, it was quickly agreed that this meeting should be dedicated to him in recognition of his unique contributions to spectral classification. In the opening paper of the Symposium Dr. Bengt Stromgren has summarized these. To his remarks we should add only that it was about 1940 that Morgan first distinguished the group of G- and K-type stars with weak CN bands and metallic lines - stars which have since been recognized as having the abundance of all metals relative to hydrogen much lower than in stars of the solar population. Spectra of two of these, HD 81192 (Boss 2527) and 8 Lep, were later shown as examples of the group in the Yerkes Atlas of 1943.