L'idéal pédagogique en France au dix-huitième siècle PDF Download

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : fr
Pages : 448

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Author: Natasha Gill
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317145690
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 315

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Though Emile is still considered the central pedagogical text of the French Enlightenment, a myriad of lesser-known thinkers paved the way for Rousseau's masterpiece. Natasha Gill traces the arc of these thinkers as they sought to reveal the correlation between early childhood experiences and the success or failure of social and political relations, and set the terms for the modern debate about the influence of nature and nurture in individual growth and collective life. Gill offers a comprehensive analysis of the rich cross-fertilization between educational and philosophical thought in the French Enlightenment. She begins by showing how in Some Thoughts Concerning Education John Locke set the stage for the French debate by transposing key themes from his philosophy into an educational context. Her treatment of the abbé Claude Fleury, the rector of the University of Paris Charles Rollin, and Swiss educator Jean-Pierre de Crousaz illustrates the extent to which early Enlightenment theorists reevaluated childhood and learning methods on the basis of sensationist psychology. Etienne-Gabriel Morelly, usually studied as a marginal thinker in the history of utopian thought, is here revealed as the most important precursor to Rousseau, and the first theorist to claim education as the vehicle through which individual liberation, social harmony and political unity could be achieved. Gill concludes with an analysis of the educational-philosophical dispute between Helvétius and Rousseau, and traces the influence of pedagogical theory on the political debate surrounding the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1762.

Author: Marcel Grandière
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781789626490
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 439

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Après la 'crise de conscience européenne' (1680-1715), la question de l'idéal pédagogique révèle les transformations de la société française dont elle est aussi un acteur. Les besoins de la société, les forces religieuses, l'évolution de la pensée scientifique s'y croisent pour un mouvement d'accommodation qui fait toute la richesse de la pensée du dix-huitième siècle. C'est l'objet de cet ouvrage que de chercher a montrer ce mouvement et cette richesse de la pensée pédagogique sous Louis XV et Louis XVI (avant la Révolution), alors que la formation des enfants se trouve être le lieu de convergence de quelques grandes questions que dut affronter la monarchie: la place des 'arts utiles', des 'métiers mécaniques' dans la société, le rôle de l'Eglise dans la vie du royaume, l'intégration de démarches intellectuelles nouvelles, qui provoquent des conflits avec la pensée chrétienne et qui remettent en cause les sources de la pédagogie, la philosophie de l'entendement et donc des savoirs, connaissances et qualités souhaitées chez les enfants et jeunes gens du peuple et des élites.Pour réaliser ce travail, nous nous sommes appuyés sur la très abondante littérature pédagogique du siècle tout en suivant la réalité du débat pédagogique dans quelques journaux pour en saisir le mouvement et les nombreuses implications. La production générale d'écrits sur l'éducation est proliférante; nous avons retenu ceux qui posaient la question éducative, dans l'axe de notre sujet, en veillant à ce que les genres littéraires soient variés comme l'exigeait le thème de notre étude. Le lecteur trouvera dans cet ouvrage la littérature pédagogique du siècle, même peut connue, en particulier celle des obscurs praticiens des écoles, des collèges et des maisons d'éducation qui ont beaucoup écrit. D'autre part, les questions pédagogiques passionnaient les Français, elles sont régulièrement traitées dansLe Mercure de France, le Journal de Verdun, et les Affichesde province.Le plan suivi est chronologique pour mettre en relief les changements opères au cours du siècle, selon l'importance accordee - ou non - aux sources chrétiennes de l'éducation, la sévère mise en cause des collèges accuses de pratiques 'gothiques', l'introduction des modèles nouveaux de la science fondes sur l'observation et l'expérience, l'évolution de la philosophie de la connaissance, selon aussi la pression de la société civile exigeante en ce qui concerne le bonheur, la morale, l'utilité publique de l'éducation pour les besoins de la nation.

Author: Penelope E. Brown
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135872015
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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This two-volume critical history of French children’s literature from 1600 to the present helps bring awareness of the range, quality and importance of French children’s literature to a wider audience.

Author: Jeroen J. H. Dekker
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 135015072X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 377

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This book gives you the historical sensation of coming face to face with the bodily expression and regulation of children's emotions over time. The study does this by encouraging you to look through the eyes of well-known artists, like Albrecht Dürer, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Jan Steen, Antony van Dyck, Rembrandt, and Titian in early modern Europe, and Jean-Baptiste Siméon Chardin, Thomas Lawrence,Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Philipp Otto Runge, Willem Bartel van der Kooi, Paul Gauguin, Auguste Renoir, and Jozef Israëls in the late 18th and 19th centuries. These sources are supplemented by works from less-famous artists, as well as popular emblem books, child-advice manuals, observations from the emerging child sciences, and personal documents. Jeroen Dekker observes children's emotions mainly in the child's world and in the domestic emotional space, and connects them with history's ongoing, underlying discourse on education and the emotions. This discourse was developed by theologians, philosophers, and moralists like Augustine, Aquinas, Erasmus, Descartes, Jacob Cats, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, by Romantic educationalists like Friedrich Fröbel and Ellen Key, and by scientists like Charles Darwin and William James who emphasized the biological instead of the moral fundament of children's emotions. The story of children's emotions is told in the context of cultural movements like the Renaissance, Humanism, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, Romanticism, and the starting Age of Child Science. Children's Emotions in Europe, 1500 – 1900 crucially highlights the continuous co-existence of regulation-oriented and child-oriented educational views on children's emotions.

Author: Marcel Grandière
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780729405553
Category : Church and education
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Author: Fernando Vidal
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226855880
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 429

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Fernando Vidal’s trailblazing text on the origins of psychology traces the development of the discipline from its appearance in the late sixteenth century to its redefinition at the end of the seventeenth and its emergence as an institutionalized field in the eighteenth. Originally published in 2011, The Sciences of the Soul continues to be of wide importance in the history and philosophy of psychology, the history of the human sciences more generally, and in the social and intellectual history of eighteenth-century Europe.

Author: Tal Gilead
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350074519
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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This volume traces the history of Western philosophy of education through the Age of Enlightenment. The period between 1650 and 1850 was one of rapid intellectual development that revolutionized how education is viewed. Even the most progressive thinkers of the start of this period would have found the educational ideas expressed at its end odd, alien, and even dangerous. Shaped by broad intellectual movements, such as the Enlightenment, the counter-enlightenment and romanticism, as well as by the work of exceptional individuals including John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Hélvetius, Mary Wollstonecraft, Pestalozzi, Fröbel and Emerson, the educational philosophy of this period has laid the foundations of how we think of and conduct education today. About A History of Western Philosophy of Education: An essential resource for researchers, scholars, and students of education, this five-volume set that traces the development of philosophy of education through Western culture and history. Focusing on philosophers who have theorized education and its implementation, the series constitutes a fresh, dynamic, and developing view of educational philosophy. It expands our educational possibilities by reinvigorating philosophy's vibrant critical tradition, connecting old and new perspectives, and identifying the continuity of critique and reconstruction. It also includes a timeline showing major historical events, including educational initiatives and the publication of noteworthy philosophical works.

Author: Mita Choudhury
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501726994
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Representations of convents and nuns assumed power and urgency within the volatile political culture of eighteenth-century France. Drawing from a range of literary, cultural, and legal material, Mita Choudhury analyzes how, between 1730 and 1789, lawyers, religious pamphleteers, and men of letters repeatedly asked, "Who should control the female convent and women religious?" These sources chronicled the conflicts between nuns and the male clergy, among nuns themselves, and between nuns and their families, conflicts that were presented to the public in the context of potent issues such as despotism, citizenship, female education, and sexuality.The cloister operated as a symbol of despotism, the equivalent of the Sultan's seraglio or the King's Bastille. Before 1770, lawyers and magistrates praised nuns as the personification of virtuous Christian women, often victims vulnerable to those who would use them to further their own political ends. After 1770, men of letters evaluated nuns according to more secular norms, and concluded that the convent had no purpose in society, except as a reminder of the problems inherent in the Old Regime. Choudhury elaborates on how nuns were not always passive entities, mere objects to be shaped by the political needs of others. But because they relied on men in order to make their voices heard, the place of women religious in the public sphere was a complex one based on negotiations between female action and male subjectivity. During the French Revolution, whatever support they had enjoyed was lost as republicans and moderates began to see nuns as potentially disruptive to the social order, family life, and revolutionary values.

Author: Louise E. Robbins
Publisher: JHU Press
ISBN: 080187677X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 525

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This lively history “adds a new dimension to our understanding of 18th-century France” by exploring the Parisian fashion of importing exotic animals (American Historical Review). In 1775, a visitor to Laurent Spinacuta’s Grande Ménagerie at the annual winter fair in Paris would have seen two tigers, several kinds of monkeys, an armadillo, an ocelot, and a condor—in all, forty-two live animals. In the streets of the city, one could observe performing elephants and a fighting polar bear. Those looking for unusual pets could purchase parrots, flying squirrels, and capuchin monkeys. The royal menagerie at Versailles displayed lions, cranes, an elephant, a rhinoceros, and a zebra, which in 1760 became a major court attraction. For Enlightenment-era Parisians, exotic animals piqued scientific curiosity and conveyed social status. Their variety and accessibility were a boon for naturalists like Buffon, author of Histoire naturelle. Louis XVI use his menagerie to demonstrate his power, while critics saw his caged animals as metaphors of slavery and oppression. In her engaging account, Robbins considers nearly every aspect of France’s obsession with exotic fauna, from the animals’ transportation and care to the inner workings of the oiseleurs’ (birdsellers’) guild. Based on wide-ranging research, Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots offers a major contribution to the history of human-animal relations, eighteenth-century culture, and French colonialism.