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Author: Bowei Xue Publisher: ISBN: 9781321947571 Category : Forest biomass Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been applied in various forest applications, such as to retrieve forest structural information, to build statistical models for identification of tree species, and to monitor forest growth. However, despite significant progress in these areas, the choice of regression approach and parameter tuning remains an ongoing critical question. This study focused on choosing the right spatial generalization level to transform lidar point clouds to 2D images which can be further processed by mature image processing and pattern recognition approaches. It also compared the prediction ability of popular machine learning algorithms applied to aboveground forest biomass estimation. A neighborhood technique was employed to calculate lidar-derived height metrics which were used as predictors to estimate forest total biomass at the image object (or segment) level. Three machine learning algorithms were tested to explore the relationship between the lidar-derived height metrics and biomass observed in situ. The height metrics were calculated as percentile heights and canopy coverage based on the lidar points falling within certain spatial extents (neighborhoods). The effect of neighborhood size was examined by developing regression models using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Cubist, and Random Forest on images created by applying 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15-meter neighborhood. Experiments were conducted in two study sites, the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas and the Trinity River Basin of Texas, with significantly different landscapes, hardwood tree species, and lidar point distributions. Regression models were constructed and evaluated with 10-fold cross validation. Results showed that optimal neighborhood configurations depend on the lidar data and regression techniques that are applied. The optimal model among all neighborhoods and algorithms achieved training accuracies of 0.988 and 0.990, and validation accuracies of 0.902 and 0.853 (adjusted R2) at the two study sites respectively.
Author: Bowei Xue Publisher: ISBN: 9781321947571 Category : Forest biomass Languages : en Pages : 182
Book Description
Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been applied in various forest applications, such as to retrieve forest structural information, to build statistical models for identification of tree species, and to monitor forest growth. However, despite significant progress in these areas, the choice of regression approach and parameter tuning remains an ongoing critical question. This study focused on choosing the right spatial generalization level to transform lidar point clouds to 2D images which can be further processed by mature image processing and pattern recognition approaches. It also compared the prediction ability of popular machine learning algorithms applied to aboveground forest biomass estimation. A neighborhood technique was employed to calculate lidar-derived height metrics which were used as predictors to estimate forest total biomass at the image object (or segment) level. Three machine learning algorithms were tested to explore the relationship between the lidar-derived height metrics and biomass observed in situ. The height metrics were calculated as percentile heights and canopy coverage based on the lidar points falling within certain spatial extents (neighborhoods). The effect of neighborhood size was examined by developing regression models using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Cubist, and Random Forest on images created by applying 0.5, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15-meter neighborhood. Experiments were conducted in two study sites, the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas and the Trinity River Basin of Texas, with significantly different landscapes, hardwood tree species, and lidar point distributions. Regression models were constructed and evaluated with 10-fold cross validation. Results showed that optimal neighborhood configurations depend on the lidar data and regression techniques that are applied. The optimal model among all neighborhoods and algorithms achieved training accuracies of 0.988 and 0.990, and validation accuracies of 0.902 and 0.853 (adjusted R2) at the two study sites respectively.
Author: Aaron M. Ellison Publisher: MDPI ISBN: 3039213091 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 274
Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests
Author: K. Ramesh Reddy Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429531931 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 926
Book Description
The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic books Languages : en Pages : 402
Book Description
"Southern forests provide innumerable benefits. Forest scientists, managers, owners, and users have in common the desire to improve the condition of these forests and the ecosystems they support. A first step is to understand the contributions science has made and continues to make to the care and management of forests. This book represents a celebration of past accomplishments, summarizes the current state of knowledge, and creates a vision for the future of southern forestry research and management. Chapters are organized into seven sections: "Looking Back," "Productivity," "Forest Health," "Water and Soils," "Socioeconomic," "Biodiversity," and "Climate Change." Each section is preceded by a brief introductory chapter. Authors were encouraged to focus on the most important aspects of their topics; citations are included to guide readers to further information."
Author: Raffaele Lafortezza Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1402085044 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
Increasing evidence suggests that the composition and spatial configuration – the pattern – of forest landscapes affect many ecological processes, including the movement and persistence of particular species, the susceptibility and spread of disturbances such as fires or pest outbreaks, and the redistribution of matter and nutrients. Understanding these issues is key to the successful management of complex, multifunctional forest landscapes, and landscape ecology, based on a foundation of island bio-geography and meta-population dynamic theories, provides the rationale to deal with this pattern-to-process interaction at different spatial and temporal scales. This carefully edited volume represents a stimulating addition to the international literature on landscape ecology and resource management. It provides key insights into some of the applicable landscape ecological theories that underlie forest management, with a specific focus on how forest management can benefit from landscape ecology, and how landscape ecology can be advanced by tackling challenging problems in forest (landscape) management. It also presents a series of case studies from Europe, Asia, North America, Africa and Australia exploring the issues of disturbance, diversity, management, and scale, and with a specific focus on how human intervention affects forest landscapes and, in turn, how landscapes influence humans and their culture. An important reference for advanced students and researchers in landscape ecology, conservation biology, forest ecology, natural resource management and ecology across multiple scales, the book will also appeal to researchers and practitioners in reserve design, ecological restoration, forest management, landscape planning and landscape architecture.
Author: Linda Weintraub Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520273613 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
This title documents the burgeoning eco art movement from A to Z, presenting a panorama of artistic responses to environmental concerns, from Ant Farms anti-consumer antics in the 1970s to Marina Zurkows 2007 animation that anticipates the havoc wreaked upon the planet by global warming.
Author: Therese M. Poland Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030453677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Author: Brenda C. McComb Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420007637 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 338
Book Description
In recent years, conflicts between ecological conservation and economic growth forced a reassessment of the motivations and goals of wildlife and forestry management. Focus shifted from game and commodity management to biodiversity conservation and ecological forestry. Previously separate fields such as forestry, biology, botany, and zoology merged
Author: James B. Campbell Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780415282949 Category : Remote sensing Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
This comprehensive introductory text presents a timely overview of the most widely used forms of remote sensing imagery and their applications in plant sciences, hydrology, earth sciences, and land-use analysis.
Author: Bowei Xue
Author: Bowei Xue
Author: United States. Forest Service
Author: Aaron M. Ellison
Author: K. Ramesh Reddy
Author: 
Author: Raffaele Lafortezza
Author: Linda Weintraub
Author: Therese M. Poland
Author: Brenda C. McComb
Author: James B. Campbell