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Author: Irina Giertz Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3656851166 Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Grammar, Style, Working Technique, grade: 1,1, University of Cologne (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: Semantics, language: English, abstract: Lexical ambiguity appears at the interface between form and meaning of lexical items. Ambiguity is triggered by the assumption that the similarity of form is also reflected in the similarity of meaning. Whereas ambiguities violate the maxim of manner in the co-operative principles postulated by Grice, they are highly acclaimed in poetic language where they originate not in lack of specification or the complexity of the discourse, but in the complexity of the reader’s presuppositions. In this sense, it depends on the reader’s expertise, reading experience and profundity in determining the number of noted ambiguities. Linguistic ambiguity is a rich source of various word plays mostly known as punning. It reveals and emphasises linguistic peculiarities like homonymy and polysemy in a self-referential play of language with itself in a kind of mirroring.
Author: Irina Giertz Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3656851166 Category : Foreign Language Study Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Grammar, Style, Working Technique, grade: 1,1, University of Cologne (Institut für Englische Philologie), course: Semantics, language: English, abstract: Lexical ambiguity appears at the interface between form and meaning of lexical items. Ambiguity is triggered by the assumption that the similarity of form is also reflected in the similarity of meaning. Whereas ambiguities violate the maxim of manner in the co-operative principles postulated by Grice, they are highly acclaimed in poetic language where they originate not in lack of specification or the complexity of the discourse, but in the complexity of the reader’s presuppositions. In this sense, it depends on the reader’s expertise, reading experience and profundity in determining the number of noted ambiguities. Linguistic ambiguity is a rich source of various word plays mostly known as punning. It reveals and emphasises linguistic peculiarities like homonymy and polysemy in a self-referential play of language with itself in a kind of mirroring.
Author: Herbert Reichl Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 363818241X Category : Literary Collections Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 1999 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: Good, University of Salzburg (Anglistics/ American Studies), course: The Vocabulary of English: Lexical and Morphological Issues, language: English, abstract: There is no doubt, also - and especially - among experts, that our mental vocabulary is highly organised. There are a lot of relations between the single words of a language and the meanings of these words, respectively. Among linguists, these relations are called “semantic relations”, “sense relations” or “lexical relations”. These semantic relations can be analysed and described for the most part, and in the following, the most important ones of these relations are to be presented. In order to give a short, critical description of the state of the art, it must be said that there are lots of research projects on this topic. However, this paper can only include some of them. Literature which was used can be found under point six, “List Of Works Cited”. Project delimitations have only been made as far as detail is concerned. Since this paper is only a very short piece of research, the authors have confined themselves not to go into too much detail, but rather try to give a good survey of the topic. Lexical relations can be roughly divided into: · Types of ambiguity (polysemy, homonymy) · Types of congruence (synonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, relations of contrast) · Lexical fields
Author: Katharina Baron Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638388557 Category : Literary Collections Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2,3, http://www.uni-jena.de/ (Institut für Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: Proseminar: Lexical Relations, language: English, abstract: Comunicating via language is a significant property of human beings. The Oxford English Dictionary contains about 400 000 lexemes and the vocabulary of an average English speaker covers 250 000 words. During normal conversations about 4,000 or 5,000 words are used per hour and while reading a person reaches an amount of 14,000 or 15,000 words in an hour.1 Usually one does not think about any relations between the words, the words we need in a particular situation come to our mind and we use them because they fulfill the function of communicating with others. When communicating via language we do not think about where the words historically come from or how they are related to each other. From the linguistic point of view the words are not single units for themselves they are linked to each other by semantic (paradigmatic and syntagmatic) and formal relations. Syntagmatic relations are explained on the basis of meaning of words and paradigmatic relations deal with semantic and grammatical features. Formal relations are based on the form of lexemes. The focus of this paper will be on homonymy, which is a formal relationship between lexemes. In the first part the phenomenon will be explained in regard to its types, development and problems which can arise from homonymy. In the second part examples of homonymous lexemes will be analysed. It will be explained which type of homonymy they belong to, why they are homonyms and which problems can arise in written and spoken language when those homonymous lexemes are used. 1 See: Aitchison, Jean, Linguistics (London: Hodder Headline Plc, 1999) 3.
Author: D. A. Cruse Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521276436 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
Lexical Semantics is about the meaning of words. Although obviously a central concern of linguistics, the semantic behaviour of words has been unduly neglected in the current literature, which has tended to emphasize sentential semantics and its relation to formal systems of logic. In this textbook D. A. Cruse establishes in a principled and disciplined way the descriptive and generalizable facts about lexical relations that any formal theory of semantics will have to encompass. Among the topics covered in depth are idiomaticity, lexical ambiguity, synonymy, hierarchical relations such as hyponymy and meronymy, and various types of oppositeness. Syntagmatic relations are also treated in some detail. The discussions are richly illustrated by examples drawn almost entirely from English. Although a familiarity with traditional grammar is assumed, readers with no technical linguistic background will find the exposition always accessible. All readers with an interest in semantics will find in this original text not only essential background but a stimulating new perspective on the field.
Author: M. Lynne Murphy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139437453 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Semantic Relations and the Lexicon explores the many paradigmatic semantic relations between words, such as synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy, and their relevance to the mental organization of our vocabularies. Drawing on a century's research in linguistics, psychology, philosophy, anthropology and computer science, M. Lynne Murphy proposes a pragmatic approach to these relations. Whereas traditional approaches have claimed that paradigmatic relations are part of our lexical knowledge, Dr Murphy argues that they constitute metalinguistic knowledge, which can be derived through a single relational principle, and may also be stored as part of our extra-lexical, conceptual representations of a word. Part I shows how this approach can account for the properties of lexical relations in ways that traditional approaches cannot, and Part II examines particular relations in detail. This book will serve as an informative handbook for all linguists and cognitive scientists interested in the mental representation of vocabulary.
Author: M. Gareth Gaskell Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 0198568975 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 880
Book Description
The ability to communicate through spoken and written language is one of the defining characteristics of the human race, yet it remains a deeply mysterious process. The young science of psycholinguistics attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. With almost 50 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics. The breadth of coverage, coupled with the accessibility of the short chapter format should make the handbook essential reading for both students and researchers in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience.
Author: Geert Adriaens Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann ISBN: 9780934613507 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics.
Author: Petra Storjohann Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9027231389 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
This collection of articles sketches the complexity of the subject of lexical-semantic relations and addresses semantic, lexicographic and computational issues on an array of meaning relations in different languages. It brings together a variety of linguistic studies on the contextualised construction of synonymy and antonymy in discourse. It shows that research on language and cognition calls for empirical evidence from different sources. This volume demonstrates how the internet, corpus data, as well as psycholinguistic methods contribute profitably to gain insights into the nature of the paradigmatics in actual language use. Furthermore, the volume is concerned with practical and application-oriented research on lexical databases, and it includes explorations of sense-related items in dictionaries from both a text-technological and lexicographic perspective.
Author: Irina Giertz Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3638687112 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 57
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1- (A-), University of Cologne (English Seminar), course: Hauptseminar Studies in English Semantics, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at investigating the linguistic phenomenon of syllepsis, which is done at three stages. First, the linguistic mechanisms of ambiguity, on which syllepsis is based, are described and their communicative effect is hinted at. Further, zeugma is presented in short as an adjoining figure. Finally, syntactic and semantic varieties of syllepsis are approached with a closer look at the latter. Semantic syllepsis presents the core of this investigation and the word which governs the elliptic parallel construction is elaborated upon. Punning, as the communicative effect of syllepsis, is discussed in great detail. A broader definition of syllepsis following from this expos is given at the end and is invigorated by a comparison to film montage.
Author: Irina Giertz
Author: Irina Giertz
Author: Herbert Reichl
Author: Katharina Baron
Author: Gunnar Persson
Author: D. A. Cruse
Author: M. Lynne Murphy
Author: M. Gareth Gaskell
Author: Geert Adriaens
Author: Petra Storjohann
Author: Irina Giertz