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Author: Gerard Planes Conangla Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
Levitodynamics is a fast growing field that studies the levitation and manipulation of micro- and nanoobjects, fuelled by both fundamental physics questions and technological applications. Due to the isolated nature of trapped particles, levitated systems are highly decoupled from the environment, and offer experimental possibilities that are absent in clamped nanomechanical oscillators. In particular, a central question in quantum physics is how the transition between the classical and quantum world materializes, and levitated objects represent a promising avenue to study this intermediate regime.In the last years, most levitation experiments have been restricted to optically trapped silica nanoparticles in vacuum, controlling the particle's position with intensity modulated laser beams. However, the use of optical traps severely constrains the experiments that can be performed, because few particle materials can withstand the optical absorption and resulting heating in vacuum. This completely prevents the use of objects with internal degrees of freedom, which--coupled to mechanical variables--offer a clear path towards the study of quantum phenomena at the macroscale. In this thesis, we address these issues by considering other types of trap and feedback schemes, achieving excellent control on the dynamics of optically active nanoparticles. With stochastic calculus, simulations and experiments, we study the dynamics of trapped particles in different regimes, considering also a hybrid quadrupole-optical trapping scheme. Then, using a Paul trap of our own design, we demonstrate the trapping, interrogation and feedback cooling of a nanodiamond hosting a single NV center in vacuum, a clear candidate to perform quantum physics experiments at the single spin level. Finally, we discuss and implement an optimal controller to cool the center of mass motion of an optically levitated nanoparticle. The feedback is realized by exerting a Coulomb force on a charged particle with a pair of electrodes, and thus requires no optics.
Author: Gerard Planes Conangla Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
Levitodynamics is a fast growing field that studies the levitation and manipulation of micro- and nanoobjects, fuelled by both fundamental physics questions and technological applications. Due to the isolated nature of trapped particles, levitated systems are highly decoupled from the environment, and offer experimental possibilities that are absent in clamped nanomechanical oscillators. In particular, a central question in quantum physics is how the transition between the classical and quantum world materializes, and levitated objects represent a promising avenue to study this intermediate regime.In the last years, most levitation experiments have been restricted to optically trapped silica nanoparticles in vacuum, controlling the particle's position with intensity modulated laser beams. However, the use of optical traps severely constrains the experiments that can be performed, because few particle materials can withstand the optical absorption and resulting heating in vacuum. This completely prevents the use of objects with internal degrees of freedom, which--coupled to mechanical variables--offer a clear path towards the study of quantum phenomena at the macroscale. In this thesis, we address these issues by considering other types of trap and feedback schemes, achieving excellent control on the dynamics of optically active nanoparticles. With stochastic calculus, simulations and experiments, we study the dynamics of trapped particles in different regimes, considering also a hybrid quadrupole-optical trapping scheme. Then, using a Paul trap of our own design, we demonstrate the trapping, interrogation and feedback cooling of a nanodiamond hosting a single NV center in vacuum, a clear candidate to perform quantum physics experiments at the single spin level. Finally, we discuss and implement an optimal controller to cool the center of mass motion of an optically levitated nanoparticle. The feedback is realized by exerting a Coulomb force on a charged particle with a pair of electrodes, and thus requires no optics.
Author: Bretislav Friedrich Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030639630 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 639
Book Description
This Open Access book gives a comprehensive account of both the history and current achievements of molecular beam research. In 1919, Otto Stern launched the revolutionary molecular beam technique. This technique made it possible to send atoms and molecules with well-defined momentum through vacuum and to measure with high accuracy the deflections they underwent when acted upon by transversal forces. These measurements revealed unforeseen quantum properties of nuclei, atoms, and molecules that became the basis for our current understanding of quantum matter. This volume shows that many key areas of modern physics and chemistry owe their beginnings to the seminal molecular beam work of Otto Stern and his school. Written by internationally recognized experts, the contributions in this volume will help experienced researchers and incoming graduate students alike to keep abreast of current developments in molecular beam research as well as to appreciate the history and evolution of this powerful method and the knowledge it reveals.
Author: Philip H. Jones Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107051169 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 565
Book Description
A comprehensive guide to the theory, practice and applications of optical tweezers, combining state-of-the-art research with a strong pedagogic approach.
Author: Hagen Kleinert Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company ISBN: 9813223960 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 423
Book Description
This is an introductory book dealing with collective phenomena in many-body systems. A gas of bosons or fermions can show oscillations of various types of density. These are described by different combinations of field variables. Especially delicate is the competition of these variables. In superfluid 3He, for example, the atoms can be attracted to each other by molecular forces, whereas they are repelled from each other at short distance due to a hardcore repulsion. The attraction gives rise to Cooper pairs, and the repulsion is overcome by paramagnon oscillations. The combination is what finally led to the discovery of superfluidity in 3He. In general, the competition between various channels can most efficiently be studied by means of a classical version of the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation.A gas of electrons is controlled by the interplay of plasma oscillations and pair formation. In a system of rod- or disc-like molecules, liquid crystals are observed with directional orientations that behave in unusual five-fold or seven-fold symmetry patterns. The existence of such a symmetry was postulated in 1975 by the author and K Maki. An aluminium material of this type was later manufactured by Dan Shechtman which won him the 2014 Nobel prize. The last chapter presents some solvable models, one of which was the first to illustrate the existence of broken supersymmetry in nuclei.
Author: Gerard Planes Conangla
Author: Gerard Planes Conangla
Author: S. V. Izmailov
Author: Bretislav Friedrich
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Author: Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference
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Author: Philip H. Jones
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Hagen Kleinert