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Author: Wojciech Suwala Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
As economies transition from centrally planned to market systems, they often undergo the same processes as do developing countries. Previously inefficient industries, like coal mining, usually shrink in size. Such industries are generally not able to restructure on their own because of the large costs involved, or because of resistance from organized labour unions to the reduction in employment. Polish coal mining is a typical example. Soon after the economic transition began in 1989, demand for coal declined but controls on coal prices remained in place. Over-employment combined with high production costs proved to be untenable for the coal mines. Early government efforts did not improve matters. Only a program endorsed by the Solidarity trade union, and backed by substantial public funds for closing mines and providing social benefits, was at least a partial success. Today, coal companies have nearly achieved long-term viability and the process of privatization has commenced.
Author: Wojciech Suwala Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
As economies transition from centrally planned to market systems, they often undergo the same processes as do developing countries. Previously inefficient industries, like coal mining, usually shrink in size. Such industries are generally not able to restructure on their own because of the large costs involved, or because of resistance from organized labour unions to the reduction in employment. Polish coal mining is a typical example. Soon after the economic transition began in 1989, demand for coal declined but controls on coal prices remained in place. Over-employment combined with high production costs proved to be untenable for the coal mines. Early government efforts did not improve matters. Only a program endorsed by the Solidarity trade union, and backed by substantial public funds for closing mines and providing social benefits, was at least a partial success. Today, coal companies have nearly achieved long-term viability and the process of privatization has commenced.
Author: John Strongman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Poland has by far the highest hard coal production of any country in the European Union and hard coal will continue to play a crucial role regarding energy security for Poland. Most importantly, hard coal can reduce both the price and supply risks for Poland associated with oil and gas imports. Poland has a number of low cost mines with good quality coal where production can be expanded so that it is feasible for coal to meet domestic demand without requiring operating support from the state budget and if the remaining restructuring of the coal mining sector is completed successfully, the sector can again become an important driver for economic development of Silesia rather than a liability. While heavy industries such as hard coal and steel will remain core industries for Silesia, they are unlikely to be sources of increased employment in future. The growth sectors for Silesia are to be found in higher technology (including coal-based technologies) and service industries. The next few years, while EU funds are available, offer Silesia a window of opportunity to develop these new sectors. It is, therefore, important that the coal industry release its surplus employees and land so that Silesia can diversify into new industries and take full advantage of EU funds while at the same time having a healthy and profitable coal industry.
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 149834240X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 119
Book Description
This supplement presents country case studies reviewing energy subsidy reform experiences, which are the basis for the reform lessons identified in the main paper. The selection of countries for the case studies reflects the availability of data and of previously documented evidence on country-specific reforms. The 22 country case studies were also chosen to provide cases from all regions and a mix of outcomes from reform. The studies cover 19 countries, including seven from sub-Saharan Africa, two in developing Asia, three in the Middle East and North Africa, four in Latin America and the Caribbean, and three in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. The case studies are organized by energy product, with 14 studies of the reform of petroleum product subsidies, seven studies of the reform of electricity subsidies, and a case study of subsidy reform for coal. The larger number of studies on fuel subsidies reflects the wider availability of data and past studies for these reforms. The structure of each case study is similar, with each one providing the context of the reform and a description of the reforms; discussion of the impact of the reform on energy prices or subsidies and its success or failure; mitigating measures that were implemented in an attempt to generate public support for the reform and offset adverse effects on the poor; and, finally, identification of lessons for designing reforms.
Author: Uwe Deichmann Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821397923 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 426
Book Description
The Economic Benefits of Climate Action shows how well-designed policies can reduce the ECA region s carbon footprint while promoting growth opportunities and protecting the living standards of lower income households.
Author: Annegrete Bruvoll Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers ISBN: 9289322535 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
The report discusses the theoretical principles for an efficient environmental and distribution policy and offers a comprehensive survey of experiences from policy reforms in different countries. The reform survey forms a background to recommendations for implementation of sustainable policy reforms, taking care of environmental, economic and distributional concerns. It particularly brings in the Nordic experiences, both to enlighten the problems with environmentally harmful subsidies in these countries, and to discuss what can be learned from the experiences in a broader international context. The analysis has been carried out during the period October 2010 - May 2011. The study was carried out by Vista Analyse AS and commissioned by the Nordic Council of Ministers for the Environment.
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1484339169 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 390
Book Description
Energy subsidies are aimed at protecting consumers, however, subsidies aggravate fiscal imbalances, crowd out priority public spending, and depress private investment, including in the energy sector. This book provides the most comprehensive estimates of energy subsidies currently available for 176 countries and an analysis of “how to do” energy subsidy reform, drawing on insights from 22 country case studies undertaken by the IMF staff and analyses carried out by other institutions.
Author: Wojciech Suwala
Author: Wojciech Suwala
Author: UN. ECE. Secretariat
Author: Zygmunt Smolec
Author: John Strongman
Author: Marian Radetzki
Author: Dorota Leśniak
Author: International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Author: Uwe Deichmann
Author: Annegrete Bruvoll
Author: Mr.Benedict J. Clements