Les théories objective et subjective du contrat PDF Download

Author: Paul Gaiardo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782275073095
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 392

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Author: Laurent Izac (juriste).)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :

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Selon la doctrine classique, le contrat est un accord de volonté destiné à produire des effets de droit. Au sein de cette définition, le contenu obligatoire du contrat est bien souvent réduit à un réseau d'obligations. Celles-ci, liant désormais les parties, semblent devoir épuiser l'ensemble de sa force obligatoire. L'existence de conventions dépourvues de tout contenu obligationnel interroge pourtant la pertinence d'une telle définition. Rejetant l'assimilation de l'obligatoire à l'obligationnel, la théorie normativiste propose d'introduire l'idée de norme afin d'expliquer la force obligatoire du contrat. La norme contractuelle fournirait ainsi le matériau fondamental expliquant la capacité de cet acte juridique à assujettir les parties. Séduisante au premier abord, cette approche ne peut toutefois masquer certaines apories de la théorie kelsénienne. En effet, l'absolu monolithisme de l'ordre juridique conçu par le Maître de Vienne s'oppose à l'introduction des droits subjectifs, comme des personnes, au sein d'une conception purement normative du droit. Face aux nécessités du Droit privé, c'est par une analyse renouvelée du système juridique que l'indispensable mise en contact de la réalité et du Droit doit passer. L'ordre juridique normatif de Kelsen peut ainsi être avantageusement complété par une dimension subjective accueillant, en son sein, l'ensemble des situations juridiques propres aux personnes et aux choses peuplant le monde sensible. Or, c'est dans sa capacité à agir sur cette dimension singulière de l'ordre juridique que l'autorité du contrat trouve son origine et ses manifestations.

Author: Fabien Gélinas
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199916012
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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If a dispute between commercial parties reaches the stage of arbitration, the cause is usually ambiguous contract terms. The arbitrator often resolves the dispute by applying trade usages, either to interpret the ambiguous terms or to determine what the given contract's terms really are. This recourse to trade usages does not create many problems on the domestic level. However, international arbitrations are far more complex and confusing. Trade Usages and Implied Terms in the Age of Arbitration provides a clear explanation of how usages, and more generally the implicit or implied content of international commercial contracts, are approached by some of the most influential legal systems in the world. Building on these approaches and taking account of arbitral practice, this book explores possible conceptual frameworks to help shape the emerging transnational law of trade usage. Part I covers the treatment and conceptual grounding of usages and implied terms in the positive law of influential jurisdictions. Part II defines the approach to usages and implied terms adopted in the design and implementation of important uniform law instruments dealing with international business contracts, as well as in the practice of international commercial arbitration. Part III concludes the book with an outline of what the conceptual grounding of trade usages could be in the transnational law of commercial contracts.

Author: Cezary Mik
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040020909
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 622

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Examining the fulfilment of international obligations by subjects of this law, this book explores the normative and functional links between the sources and rules of international law on the one hand, and the responsibility for violating international law on the other. In the sphere of law-making, the theory of obligations allows for a more precise and considered formulation of international obligations. It has the potential to enable subjects of international law to behave more rationally, allowing deeper reflection on whether to take on obligations and how to properly perform them. This book proposes a new approach to the issue of the proper operation of international law, with the theory of obligations at its heart. Linking the institutions and concepts of international law into a rational whole, the book offers an analysis of the operation of international law and the behaviour of its subjects to develop a framework for ensuring the ultimate effectiveness of international law. Analysing sources of law including treaties and common law, alongside the resolutions of international organisations, this book demonstrates the practical application of the subject with reference to the jurisprudence of international courts and other bodies. The volume will be of interest to scholars, students, and practitioners concerned with international law – its creation, performance, application, compliance, and enforcement.

Author: James Swenson
Publisher: Stanford University Press
ISBN: 0804738645
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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In order to grasp what it means to call Rousseau an "author" of the Revolution, as so many revolutionaries did, it is necessary to take full measure of the difficulties of literary interpretation to which Rousseau's work gives rise, particularly around such a charged term as "author." On Jean-Jacques Rousseau shows that Rousseau's texts consistently generate a division in their own reading, a division both designated and masked by the fiction of authorship. These divisions can occur successively—as in the narrative reversals and discontinuities characteristic of Rousseau's fictional and autobiographical works—or simultaneously, in the form of incompatible attempts to apply the lessons of a single text to an urgent historical moment. Given the structure of these texts, their "influence" can only occur in an equally paradoxical form. Rousseau's contribution to revolutionary thinking lies in his conceptualization of the constitutive function of misunderstanding and narrative discontinuity, in history and political action as well as in literature. Such misunderstandings and discontinuities are particularly well illustrated by the vicissitudes of the reading of Rousseau's texts during the revolutionary period, a moment when "readings" occurred as political programs. The Revolution enacted Rousseau precisely to the extent that revolutionaries could not agree on what action he called for. He is "one of the first authors of the Revolution" not because he was one of its causes, but because he provided the terms in which the logic of the revolutionary process becomes intelligible.

Author: Eva Steiner
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199232377
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 446

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This text provides an account of the French legal system and its internal workings. It explains both the institutions and substantive law along with the methodology that underpins the system. Comparisons to other legal jurisdictions are made throughout.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Comparative law
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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Author: Hugh Collins
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN: 9041127844
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 310

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Ever since the Directive on Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts of 1993, the European project has been working intensively towards harmonization of contract law across all EU Member States. To date, virtually none of the many problems that have arisen have been resolved. The SECOLA Annual Conference convened in Prague in 2005 to consider the specific topic of unfair terms and to imagine ways in which the obstacles raised by this provocative issue might be overcome. In this book, which presents revised versions of the papers presented at that conference, fourteen outstanding European scholars examine basic questions about the differing conceptions of contract law in the national legal systems of the Member States, divergent legal techniques such as interpretation of contract and divergent approaches to legal reasoning, and contrasting views about the nature of the problems presented by unfair terms in contracts. Among the contentious matters discussed are the following: the tension between party autonomy and social justice; control over freedom of contract in the name of substantive fairness and efficiency; interpretation of contract terms the intrusion of competition law into contract law; the disputed meanings of good faith and legitimate expectations; the requirement of 'plain intelligible language'; and characterization problems Above all the essays ask: Can harmonization of European contract law be achieved? And if so, how? The answers offered not only clarify the stage we have arrived at in this ongoing initiative, but also identify the essential conflicts that must be understood if we are to secure meaningful regulation of contract terms at a transnational level. For these reasons the book is enormously valuable to all parties interested in this crucial component of European integration.

Author: International Association of Legal Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Conflict of laws
Languages : en
Pages : 340

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Author: Immanuel Kant
Publisher: Hackett Publishing
ISBN: 9780872204188
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 260

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A revision of the Library of Liberal Arts edition of 1965. This volume offers the complete text of Kant's Metaphysics of Morals, Part I, translated by John Ladd, along with Ladd's illuminating Introduction to the first edition, expanded to include discussion of such issues as Kant's conception of marriage and its relevance to his view of women. An updated bibliography, glossary, and index are also provided.