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Author: Tyler Beck Goodspeed Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674969014 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
From 1716 to 1845, Scotland’s banks were among the most dynamic and resilient in Europe, effectively absorbing a series of adverse economic shocks that rocked financial markets in London and on the continent. Legislating Instability explains the seeming paradox that the Scottish banking system achieved this success without the government controls usually considered necessary for economic stability. Eighteenth-century Scottish banks operated in a regulatory vacuum: no central bank to act as lender of last resort, no monopoly on issuing currency, no legal requirements for maintaining capital reserves, and no formal limits on bank size. These conditions produced a remarkably robust banking system, one that was intensely competitive and served as a prime engine of Scottish economic growth. Despite indicators that might have seemed red flags—large speculative capital flows, a fixed exchange rate, and substantial external debt—Scotland successfully navigated two severe financial crises during the Seven Years’ War. The exception was a severe financial crisis in 1772, seven years after the imposition of the first regulations on Scottish banking—the result of aggressive lobbying by large banks seeking to weed out competition. While these restrictions did not cause the 1772 crisis, Tyler Beck Goodspeed argues, they critically undermined the flexibility and resilience previously exhibited by Scottish finance, thereby elevating the risk that another adverse economic shock, such as occurred in 1772, might threaten financial stability more broadly. Far from revealing the shortcomings of unregulated banking, as Adam Smith claimed, the 1772 crisis exposed the risks of ill-conceived bank regulation.
Author: Tyler Beck Goodspeed Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674969014 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
From 1716 to 1845, Scotland’s banks were among the most dynamic and resilient in Europe, effectively absorbing a series of adverse economic shocks that rocked financial markets in London and on the continent. Legislating Instability explains the seeming paradox that the Scottish banking system achieved this success without the government controls usually considered necessary for economic stability. Eighteenth-century Scottish banks operated in a regulatory vacuum: no central bank to act as lender of last resort, no monopoly on issuing currency, no legal requirements for maintaining capital reserves, and no formal limits on bank size. These conditions produced a remarkably robust banking system, one that was intensely competitive and served as a prime engine of Scottish economic growth. Despite indicators that might have seemed red flags—large speculative capital flows, a fixed exchange rate, and substantial external debt—Scotland successfully navigated two severe financial crises during the Seven Years’ War. The exception was a severe financial crisis in 1772, seven years after the imposition of the first regulations on Scottish banking—the result of aggressive lobbying by large banks seeking to weed out competition. While these restrictions did not cause the 1772 crisis, Tyler Beck Goodspeed argues, they critically undermined the flexibility and resilience previously exhibited by Scottish finance, thereby elevating the risk that another adverse economic shock, such as occurred in 1772, might threaten financial stability more broadly. Far from revealing the shortcomings of unregulated banking, as Adam Smith claimed, the 1772 crisis exposed the risks of ill-conceived bank regulation.
Author: Andreas Kokkinis Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351972774 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 276
Book Description
Virtually all large banks and other financial institutions in the UK and internationally are public limited liability companies whose shares are listed on one or several stock exchanges. As such, their corporate governance and, in particular, the incentives faced by their directors and senior managers are to a significant extent determined by corporate and securities law rules such as directors’ duties, directors’ liability in insolvency, takeover regulation, disclosure obligations, shareholder rights and rules on executive remuneration. At the same time, systemically important financial institutions in the UK are licensed, regulated and supervised by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA). This book explores the relationship between, on the one hand, the broader corporate law, corporate governance and securities law framework and, on the other, the prudential regulatory framework. Although the book’s main focus is on UK law, much of the policy argumentation is relevant globally and therefore appropriate international comparisons are drawn, and analysis of EU law and regulation is included. The book argues that the corporate law regime, which focuses on shareholder empowerment and profit maximisation, operates as an antithesis to prudential regulatory objectives thus undermining the safety and soundness of banks and other financial institutions by encouraging risky behaviour that may be in the best interests of their shareholders, but is clearly not in the public interest.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Gregor Clunie Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317018613 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
Bringing together established academics and new researchers, the chapters in this collection interrogate the operation of 'the public' in a range of different legal, illegal and alegal spaces. The key question which frames the contributions is whether and in what manner 'the public' operates as an interface between law and society, allowing the interests and opinions of the population at large to be represented and reflected in legal discourse, such that collectively generated imperatives may be imposed upon political and economic actors. Multi-disciplinary in its approach, the volume reflects an understanding that there is more to the role of 'the public' in relation to law than the conventional demarcation of the field of 'public law' and that this relationship is open to comment from a wide range of actors.
Author: Anita Anand Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198777620 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
A collection of essays from an impressive group of scholars, this volume disseminates the type of regulation that can be devised and implemented to respond to systemic risk as well as how systemic risk can be regulated in both a domestic and international market.
Author: Jonathan Michie Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135932263 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 2166
Book Description
This 2-volume work includes approximately 1,200 entries in A-Z order, critically reviewing the literature on specific topics from abortion to world systems theory. In addition, nine major entries cover each of the major disciplines (political economy; management and business; human geography; politics; sociology; law; psychology; organizational behavior) and the history and development of the social sciences in a broader sense.
Author: Federico Fabbrini Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1788972341 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px Arial} This comprehensive Research Handbook analyses and explains the EU’s complex system of economic governance from a legal point of view and looks ahead to the challenges it faces and how these can be resolved. Bringing together contributions from leading academics and top lawyers from EU institutions, this Research Handbook is the first to cover all aspects of the Eurozone’s legal ecosystem, and offers an up-to-date and in depth assessment of the norms and procedures that underpin the EU’s economic, monetary, banking, and capital markets unions.
Author: Martin Belov Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1509940898 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
What is the future of constitutionalism, state and law in the new technological age? This edited collection explores the different aspects of the impact of information and technology revolution on state, constitutionalism and public law. Leading European scholars in the fields of constitutional, administrative, financial and EU law provide answers to fascinating conceptual questions including: - What are the challenges of information and technological revolution to sovereignty? - How will information and technology revolution impact democracy and the public sphere? - What are the disruptive effects of social media platforms on democratic will-formation processes and how can we regulate the democratic process in the digital age? - What are the main challenges to courts and administrations in the algorithmic society? - What is the impact of artificial intelligence on administrative law and social and health services? - What is the impact of information and technology revolution on data protection, privacy and human rights?
Author: Tyler Beck Goodspeed
Author: Tyler Beck Goodspeed
Author: Andreas Kokkinis
Author: George Duke
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Gregor Clunie
Author: Anita Anand
Author: Jonathan Michie
Author: Federico Fabbrini
Author: Martin Belov
Author: United States. Congress. Joint Committee on Atomic Energy