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Author: Mbonigaba Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346897680 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: A, INES Ruhengeri Institute of Applied Science, language: English, abstract: This study examines whether or not investment incentives are lawful under international law. In contrast with the mainstream literature, this study asserts that investment incentives are neither always efficient nor lawful. The study indicates that the legality of investment incentives depends on how they are used. They will be lawful if they comply with the principle of national treatment and MFN treatment; and will be unlawful if they violate those principles, especially if they benefit domestic investors over foreign investors or if they benefit investors of some countries over investors of other countries. Furthermore, performance requirements may be a test for the legality of investment incentives as host states are not free to impose any kind of performance requirements to the investors, as a condition to accord them incentives. Countries that are members of WTO are not allowed to use performance requirements which are prohibited by TRIMs Agreement like local content requirements, trade balancing requirements and export control requirements.
Author: Mbonigaba Publisher: GRIN Verlag ISBN: 3346897680 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Law, grade: A, INES Ruhengeri Institute of Applied Science, language: English, abstract: This study examines whether or not investment incentives are lawful under international law. In contrast with the mainstream literature, this study asserts that investment incentives are neither always efficient nor lawful. The study indicates that the legality of investment incentives depends on how they are used. They will be lawful if they comply with the principle of national treatment and MFN treatment; and will be unlawful if they violate those principles, especially if they benefit domestic investors over foreign investors or if they benefit investors of some countries over investors of other countries. Furthermore, performance requirements may be a test for the legality of investment incentives as host states are not free to impose any kind of performance requirements to the investors, as a condition to accord them incentives. Countries that are members of WTO are not allowed to use performance requirements which are prohibited by TRIMs Agreement like local content requirements, trade balancing requirements and export control requirements.
Author: David Collins Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1784712043 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
In this discerning book, David Collins provides an eloquent analysis of performance requirements and investment incentives as vital tools of economic policy. Adopting a consciously broad definition of both instruments, this work provokes a constructively critical assessment of their existing treatment under international economic law.
Author: A. J. Easson Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041122281 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Each national report addresses, among other things, the following issues: - the sources of law and general principle of the law of evidence - the means of evidence - the role of the judge and the parties in the evidence procedure - the evaluation of evidence - the production of evidence - the registration of produced evidence - the possibilities to admit new evidence or to renew evidence in appeal proceedings.
Author: Walter H. Diamond Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041124489 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 6
Book Description
In todays world of globalization, the United States generally is considered by foreign investors around the world to be the safest and most profitable location to invest their funds and from where to operate a headquarters or manufacturing site. After more than a decade of prosperity and a strong currency coupled with the traditional political stability, the United States has emerged as a net importer of capital for the first time in post World War II history. Increasing profit margins for multinationals, relatively low interest rates, incredible stock exchange prices and volume, a reduced level of inflation and record consumer spending resulting from sophisticated demands of the baby boomer age, as well as an accelerated rate of immigrant arrivals, all have inspired new private investment from abroad, now surpassing the USD 5 trillion mark in direct and indirect investment. Surveys consistently show that foreign businesspersons, like their American counterparts, seek locations from which to manufacture, assemble, or service their products where the tax or investment incentives are most attractive. This fact is reflected in the operations of the Fortune 500 in the United States where 80% of privately invested assets are located in the five states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Illinois, and California, all of which are leaders in providing trade and investment concessions to businesses. Investment incentives consist of a variety of inducements ranging from tax credits and cash grants and tax exemptions or reductions to accelerated depreciation, loan subsidies and property tax, sales tax and customs duty exclusions or reductions, as well as foreign trade and enterprise zone availability. Unlike the array of incentives offered by foreign countries, the charts reflect that most of the States rely on property tax concessions, loan subsidy financing, development project rewards, low or no sales taxes and foreign trade zone availability. As in the case of Part I relating to State Investment Incentives, Part II of the US State-by-State Guide to Investment Incentives and Capital Formation covering the steps required to organize an entity in the United States, reflects great similarity in incorporation in contrast to enterprises wishing to operate abroad. The authors of this Guide present the reader with a clear picture of all the differing rules and regulations between the states that govern investors. It is clear, concise, user-friendly, and invaluable.
Author: Mr.Victor Thuronyi Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 9781557755872 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 534
Book Description
Edited by Victor Thuronyi, this book offers an introduction to a broad range of issues in comparative tax law and is based on comparative discussion of the tax laws of developed countries. It presents practical models and guidelines for drafting tax legislation that can be used by officials of developing and transition countries. Volume I covers general issues, some special topics, and major taxes other than income tax.
Author: Ana Teresa Tavares-Lehmann Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231541643 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 369
Book Description
Governments often use direct subsidies or tax credits to encourage investment and promote economic growth and other development objectives. Properly designed and implemented, these incentives can advance a wide range of policy objectives (increasing employment, promoting sustainability, and reducing inequality). Yet since design and implementation are complicated, incentives have been associated with rent-seeking and wasteful public spending. This collection illustrates the different types and uses of these initiatives worldwide and examines the institutional steps that extend their value. By combining economic analysis with development impacts, regulatory issues, and policy options, these essays show not only how to increase the mobility of capital so that cities, states, nations, and regions can better attract, direct, and retain investments but also how to craft policy and compromise to ensure incentives endure.
Author: Ling Lin Publisher: Open Dissertation Press ISBN: 9781361318287 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation, "The Effectiveness and Legitimacy of Investment Incentive Regime in China: Dilemmas of State Intervention" by Ling, Lin, 林灵, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: While investment incentives are increasingly employed by the developing economies, the vast amount of literature has failed to reach a consensus on the role of incentive regimes. A fundamental problem with the previous econometric studies is that they assume a mature market condition, under which the government should remain outside FDI competition. However, in reality, most developing countries lack a mature market and market-oriented regulatory institutions. This thesis adds to the conventional wisdom by examining whether and how Chinese investment incentive regimes have been successful in harnessing FDI during the last three decades. Like many developing economies, China is still in the process of building a market economy. The striking ability of China to attract FDI with numerous incentives presents a meaningful laboratory for examining the role of investment incentives. In contrast to most previous economic studies, this thesis does not attempt to examine the economic mechanisms of investment incentives. The basic presumption of this thesis is that incentive measures are instrument of state intervention with designed policy goals. A policy-oriented approach has thus been adopted, under which the role of investment incentives is examined against precisely defined policy objectives in a particular policy context. In China's case, the efficacy of investment incentives is shown by a strategic and dynamic correlation between the investment incentive regime and its achieved development goals. In the given policy context, their functions cannot be replaced by more desirable instruments due to the political and economic constraints. Besides the economic evaluation, the study adds the legal dimension of evaluation on investment incentives. From a legal perspective, the regulatory space for developing countries is increasingly defined by the international legal regime. Investment incentives should be framed in a way to balance national interests and the level of protection required for foreign investment. The evolution of China's incentive regime presents a good example to integrate global consensus with domestic imperatives. By unifying its income tax system, China adopted an incentive regime generally consistent with its WTO commitments and could be utilized to its advantages. However, serious problems inherent in the incentive system have already emerged in China, which may hamper its economic development in the long run. The thesis shows that the state's capacity to channel FDI towards development goals is declining, as its intrusiveness has given way to arbitrariness. A top-down approach deprives foreign investors of their channels to communicate their opinions to the policymakers. The local arbitrariness and corruption in incentive implementation will compound the problem and hinder the inflows of high quality foreign investment. The thesis then proposes that the investment incentive regime in China needs to be upgraded into a more legalized system with non-discrimination, transparency, coherence and an effective monitoring mechanism as its central features. The legalization process would help to alleviate the negative effects of investment incentives. In the absence of a political infrastructure compatible with a rules-based system, the Chinese government needs to start with redefining the government-business relationship with a le
Author: Timo Viherkenttä Publisher: ISBN: Category : Foreign tax credit Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
Examines the complex coordination of tax incentives for foreign investors and international taxation. The analysis locates the factors which tend to frustrate such incentives through increased taxation in the investor's home country. The various tax planning techniques for avoiding the loss of incentive benefits are also dealt with.
Author: Mbonigaba
Author: Mbonigaba
Author: David Collins
Author: A. J. Easson
Author: Walter H. Diamond
Author: Mr.Victor Thuronyi
Author: Ana Teresa Tavares-Lehmann
Author: Kenneth P. Thomas
Author: Ling Lin
Author: Hellēnikē Trapeza Viomēchanikēs Anaptyxeōs (Greece)
Author: Timo Viherkenttä