Lean Gasoline Engine Reductant Chemistry During Lean NOx Trap Regeneration PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalysts can effectively reduce NOx from lean engine exhaust. Significant research for LNTs in diesel engine applications has been performed and has led to commercialization of the technology. For lean gasoline engine applications, advanced direct injection engines have led to a renewed interest in the potential for lean gasoline vehicles and, thereby, a renewed demand for lean NOx control. To understand the gasoline-based reductant chemistry during regeneration, a BMW lean gasoline vehicle has been studied on a chassis dynamometer. Exhaust samples were collected and analyzed for key reductant species such as H2, CO, NH3, and hydrocarbons during transient drive cycles. The relation of the reductant species to LNT performance will be discussed. Furthermore, the challenges of NOx storage in the lean gasoline application are reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalysts can effectively reduce NOx from lean engine exhaust. Significant research for LNTs in diesel engine applications has been performed and has led to commercialization of the technology. For lean gasoline engine applications, advanced direct injection engines have led to a renewed interest in the potential for lean gasoline vehicles and, thereby, a renewed demand for lean NOx control. To understand the gasoline-based reductant chemistry during regeneration, a BMW lean gasoline vehicle has been studied on a chassis dynamometer. Exhaust samples were collected and analyzed for key reductant species such as H2, CO, NH3, and hydrocarbons during transient drive cycles. The relation of the reductant species to LNT performance will be discussed. Furthermore, the challenges of NOx storage in the lean gasoline application are reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
As the nation's demand for energy grows along with concern for the environment, there is a pressing need for cleaner, more efficient forms of energy. The internal combustion engine is well established as one of the most reliable forms of power production. They are commercially available in power ranges from 0.5 kW to 6.5 MW, which make them suitable for a wide range of distributed power applications from small scale residential to large scale industrial. In addition, alternative fuels with domestic abundance, such as natural gas, can play a key role in weaning our nations dependence on foreign oil. Lean burn natural gas engines can achieve high efficiencies and can be conveniently placed anywhere natural gas supplies are available. However, the aftertreatment of Nox emissions presents a challenge in lean exhaust conditions. Unlike carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, which can be catalytically reduced in lean exhaust, NOx emissions require a net reducing atmosphere for catalytic reduction. Unless this challenge of NOx reduction can be met, emissions regulations may restrict the implementation of highly efficient lean burn natural gas engines for stationary power applications. While the typical three-way catalyst is ineffective for NOx reduction under lean exhaust conditions, several emerging catalyst technologies have demonstrated potential. The three leading contenders for lean burn engine de-NOx are the Lean NOx Catalyst (LNC), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and the Lean Nox Trap (LNT). Similar to the principles of SCR, an LNT catalyst has the ability to store NOx under lean engine operation. Then, an intermittent rich condition is created causing the stored NOx to be released and subsequently reduced. However, unlike SCR, which uses urea injection to create the reducing atmosphere, the LNT can use the same fuel supplied to the engine as the reductant. LNT technology has demonstrated high reduction efficiencies in diesel applications where diesel fuel is the reducing agent. The premise of this research is to explore the application of Lean NOx Trap technology to a lean burn natural gas engine where natural gas is the reducing agent. Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, a highly stable hydrocarbon. The two primary challenges addressed by this research are the performance of the LNT in the temperature ranges experienced from lean natural gas combustion and the utilization of the highly stable methane as the reducing agent. The project used an 8.3 liter lean burn natural gas engine on a dynamometer to generate the lean exhaust conditions. The catalysts were packaged in a dual path aftertreatment system, and a set of valves were used to control the flow of exhaust to either leg during adsorption and regeneration.
Author: B. Ashok Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128242280 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527808868 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 979
Book Description
Ein Überblick über den aktuellen Stand von Geräten, die auf Nanotechnologie basieren und in den Umweltwissenschaften zum Einsatz kommen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf Nanomaterialien und Polymer-Nanokompositen. Das Handbuch beschäftigt sich insbesondere mit den auf Nanotechnologie basierenden Ansätzen, die einfachere, schnellere und kostengünstigere Prozesse bei der Umweltüberwachung und Umweltsanierung versprechen. Darüber hinaus bietet es aktuelle und detaillierte Informationen zu Ökonomie, Toxizität und Vorschriften in Verbindung mit der Nanotechnologie. Das Buch schließt mit einem Blick auf die Rolle der Nanotechnologie für eine grüne und nachhaltige Zukunft. Für Forscher und Entwickler im akademischen Bereich und aus der Industrie ist dieses Handbuch, das vorhandene und demnächst verfügbare Geräte beschreibt, unabdingbar.
Author: Nicole Munguia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
Various diesel NOx control technologies are being explored today as solutions for minimizing NOx emissions. The Lean NOx Trap is one of two products that offer high NOx conversion efficiency, but the LNT requires a regeneration strategy. The Lean NOx Trap control strategy offers a systematic approach in which engine control parameters are fully utilized to create an exhaust “rich” environment necessary for LNT catalyst regeneration. In the present study EGR throttling, inlet air-throttling and late-injections were the three control parameters tuned for LNT regeneration. The strategy was tested in-house and by GM engineers on a 1.9 L diesel engine coupled to a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst, Diesel Particulate Filter and a Lean NOx Trap. Siemens NOx sensors were used to evaluate the NOx conversion efficiency. It was found that the catalyst did reduce NOx output but was neither efficient at low-loads nor fully-effective throughout the drive-cycle as the DPF did clog as a result of too low a CO/HC ratio. The regeneration mode is open loop and should be closed loop to minimize the additional fueling necessary for creating a rich environment for LNT regeneration. There was no evidence that late injections contributed to regeneration. Instead of late-injections, a more robust, closed-loop control strategy should be explored that uses the air/fuel ratio from the exhaust manifold as the control parameter for maximizing NOx conversion efficiency while minimizing the fuel penalty.
Author: Luca Lietti Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 1788014758 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
Vehicle exhaust emissions, particularly from diesel cars, are considered to be a significant problem for the environment and human health. Lean NOx Trap (LNT) or NOx Storage/Reduction (NSR) technology is one of the current techniques used in the abatement of NOx from lean exhausts. Researchers are constantly searching for new inexpensive catalysts with high efficiency at low temperatures and negligible fuel penalties, to meet the challenges of this field. This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on this important area. Covering the technology used, from its development in the early 1990s up to the current state-of-the-art technologies and new legislation. Beginning with the fundamental aspects of the process, the discussion will cover the real application standard through to the detailed modelling of full scale catalysts. Scientists, academic and industrial researchers, engineers working in the automotive sector and technicians working on emission control will find this book an invaluable resource.
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Author: Luca Lietti
Author: Josh A. Pihl
Author: B. Ashok
Author: Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Author: Nicole Munguia
Author: Luca Lietti
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