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Author: Stephan Lutzenberger Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030949761 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
The European Union, as a regulatory polity based on integration through law, arguably relies more on legal compliance with its policies than any other political system. Proceeding from this point of departure, this book puts the spotlight on the subnational tier and scrutinizes its role in ensuring compliance. Drawing on a dataset of infringement proceedings against federal and regionalized member states, the book shows that strong shared rule, i.e., strong cooperation between national and subnational authorities, can improve national compliance records. In contrast, policy sectors with strong redistributive consequences impair subnational authorities’ capacity to comply. In short, policy and politics matter more than polity.
Author: Stephan Lutzenberger Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030949761 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 149
Book Description
The European Union, as a regulatory polity based on integration through law, arguably relies more on legal compliance with its policies than any other political system. Proceeding from this point of departure, this book puts the spotlight on the subnational tier and scrutinizes its role in ensuring compliance. Drawing on a dataset of infringement proceedings against federal and regionalized member states, the book shows that strong shared rule, i.e., strong cooperation between national and subnational authorities, can improve national compliance records. In contrast, policy sectors with strong redistributive consequences impair subnational authorities’ capacity to comply. In short, policy and politics matter more than polity.
Author: Marjolaine Roccati Publisher: Primento ISBN: 2802740962 Category : Law Languages : fr Pages : 329
Book Description
Le juge national voit son importance croitre dans la formation de l’espace judiciaire européen. S’affirmant hors de toute tutelle du législateur de l’Union et de la CJUE, il doit s’appuyer davantage sur une coopération directe entre juges nationaux. Dans l’ordre juridique national, les normes judiciaires de l’Union se développent tandis que les normes judiciaires nationales sont de plus en plus encadrées. Le juge national est le relais de l’intervention européenne, se faisant le garant d’un véritable droit européen à une protection juridictionnelle, effective et uniforme. L’importance du juge national grandit au fur et à mesure que s’accroissent les normes judiciaires de l’Union. Il peut le cas échéant adapter, voire s’affranchir d’éventuelles contraintes de son droit national. Il devient par ailleurs l’artisan d’une justice horizontale, organisée de façon directe entre plusieurs juges nationaux, dans le domaine de la coopération civile. Dans l’ordre juridique européen, par contre, le juge national n’est pas véritablement encadré par le législateur de l’Union ou par la Cour de justice. Celle-ci fait face aux limites inhérentes à sa fonction et aux réserves persistantes que lui opposent les juridictions nationales ; elle tend par ailleurs à déléguer l’interprétation de certaines notions au juge national. Ce dernier s’affirme alors en véritable égal des autres acteurs européens, il doit prendre la mesure de son importance et inscrire désormais son rôle dans le cadre de réseaux de juges. Le juge national voit son importance croitre dans la formation de l’espace judiciaire européen. S’affirmant hors de toute tutelle du législateur de l’Union et de la CJUE, il doit s’appuyer davantage sur une coopération directe entre juges nationaux.Dans l’ordre juridique national, les normes judiciaires de l’Union se développent tandis que les normes judiciaires nationales sont de plus en plus encadrées. Le juge national est le relais de l’intervention européenne, se faisant le garant d’un véritable droit européen à une protection juridictionnelle, effective et uniforme. L’importance du juge national grandit au fur et à mesure que s’accroissent les normes judiciaires de l’Union. Il peut le cas échéant adapter, voire s’affranchir d’éventuelles contraintes de son droit national. Il devient par ailleurs l’artisan d’une justice horizontale, organisée de façon directe entre plusieurs juges nationaux, dans le domaine de la coopération civile.Dans l’ordre juridique européen, par contre, le juge national n’est pas véritablement encadré par le législateur de l’Union ou par la Cour de justice. Celle-ci fait face aux limites inhérentes à sa fonction et aux réserves persistantes que lui opposent les juridictions nationales ; elle tend par ailleurs à déléguer l’interprétation de certaines notions au juge national. Ce dernier s’affirme alors en véritable égal des autres acteurs européens, il doit prendre la mesure de son importance et inscrire désormais son rôle dans le cadre de réseaux de juges.
Author: Armand de Mestral Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP ISBN: 1928096395 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
Criticism. Doubts. Second thoughts. Although investor-state arbitration (ISA) has been included in investment agreements between developed and developing countries since the 1960s, and provided foreign investors with a kind of private justice against developing world host states, it became increasingly controversial in developed countries when it was included in NAFTA in 1993, creating the possibility of ISA claims between and against two developed countries (the United States or Canada), as well as claims against and by a developing state (Mexico). A few years later, the OECD’s attempt to finalize the Multilateral Agreement on Investment was stymied by concerted civil society protest and opposition to ISA, and in recent years each new proposed agreement has sparked fresh rounds of protest. What engenders the controversy about ISA? While ISA’s advantage is that it prevents escalation of international conflict by relieving states from feeling obliged to espouse claims of injured investors against foreign governments, it is criticized for creating regulatory chill whereby states are reluctant to make necessary public policy reforms for fear that changes to the investment environment will lead to expensive investor claims. Are fears of litigation and expensive payouts well founded? Can key modifications to the ISA system, such as those added to the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement satisfy critics and redeem this system of private justice? Is ISA really necessary between developed democracies where an independent and professional judiciary can generally be trusted to decide without fear or favour? In Second Thoughts: Investor-State Arbitration between Developed Democracies, 16 international investment legal experts have undertaken in-depth analyses of ISA’s economic, political, and social impacts when included in agreements between developed democracies. This timely volume appears at a critical moment, seeking answers to the crucial questions that will determine the next generation of international investment agreements.
Author: United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs Publisher: United Nations Publications ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 544
Book Description
The world has changed radically since 1989, when the General Assembly declared the period from 1990 to 1999 as the United Nations Decade of International Law. During that time, the international community claimed some major achievements as reflected by the adoption of conventions and treaties. This publication presents a collection of essays from legal advisers of States and international organizations, all of whom are among those committed to promoting respect for international law. Their contribution provides a practical perspective on international law, viewed from the standpoint of those involved in its formation, application and administration.
Book Description
Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.
Author: Nuno F. Bicho Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441982191 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 515
Book Description
Human settlement has often centered around coastal areas and waterways. Until recently, however, archaeologists believed that marine economies did not develop until the end of the Pleistocene, when the archaeological record begins to have evidence of marine life as part of the human diet. This has long been interpreted as a postglacial adaptation, due to the rise in sea level and subsequent decrease in terrestrial resources. Coastal resources, particularly mollusks, were viewed as fallback resources, which people resorted to only when terrestrial resources were scarce, included only as part of a more complex diet. Recent research has significantly altered this understanding, known as the Broad Spectrum Revolution (BSR) model. The contributions to this volume revise the BSR model, with evidence that coastal resources were an important part of human economies and subsistence much earlier than previously thought, and even the main focus of diets for some Pleistocene and early Holocene hunter-gatherer societies. With evidence from North and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia, this volume comprehensively lends a new understanding to coastal settlement from the Middle Paleolithic to the Middle Holocene.
Author: Debarati Sanyal Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 1421429292 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 289
Book Description
The Violence of Modernity turns to Charles Baudelaire, one of the most canonical figures of literary modernism, in order to reclaim an aesthetic legacy for ethical inquiry and historical critique. Works of modern literature are commonly theorized as symptomatic responses to the trauma of history. In a climate that tends to privilege crisis over critique, Debarati Sanyal argues that it is urgent to rethink literary experience in terms that recall its contestatory potential. Examining Baudelaire's poems afresh, she shifts the focus of critical attention toward an account of modernism as an active engagement with violence, specifically the violence of history in nineteenth-century France. Sanyal analyzes a literary current that uses the traditional hallmarks of modernism—irony, intertextuality, self-reflexivity, and formalism—to challenge the historical violence of modernity. Baudelaire and the committed ironists writing in his wake teach us how to read and resist the violence of history, and thereby to challenge the melancholy tenor of our contemporary "wound culture." In a series of provocative readings, Sanyal presents Baudelaire's poetry as an aesthetic form that contests historical violence through rhetorical strategies of complicity, counterviolence, and critique. The book develops a new account of Baudelaire's significance as a modernist by dislodging him both from his traditional status as a practitioner of "art for art's sake" and from his more recent incarnation as the poet of trauma. Following her extended analysis of Baudelaire's poetry, Sanyal in later chapters considers a number of authors influenced by his strategies—including Rachilde, Virginie Despentes, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre—to examine the relevance of their interventions for our current climate of trauma and terror. The result is a study that underscores how Baudelaire's legacy continues to energize literary engagements with the violence of modernity.
Author: Sandra Lavenex Publisher: Lexington Books ISBN: 9780739106297 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 244
Book Description
"Migration and the Externalities of European Integration analyzes the extra-European dimension of the European Union's (EU) migration policies and the mechanisms developed to enforce the EU's policy decisions. While previous scholarship has tended to overlook the consequences of Europeanization on actors outside the EU this work scrutinizes the foreign policy dimension in EU migration policies and highlights the Union's complex role as an international actor. Written by scholars of migration policy, the essays discuss the impact of EU asylum and refugee policy on Norway, Switzerland, Eastern Europe, Euro-Mediterranean, and EU-Turkish relations and the effect of migration on European immigration controls and welfare policy. This comprehensive treatment of transnational migration will be a valuable resource for students of international affairs, European integration, and international organization."
Author: Stephan Lutzenberger
Author: Stephan Lutzenberger
Author: Marjolaine Roccati
Author: Armand de Mestral
Author: United Nations. Office of Legal Affairs
Author: Leslie Rainer
Author: Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
Author: Nuno F. Bicho
Author: Debarati Sanyal
Author: Marcelo G. Kohen
Author: Sandra Lavenex