Law-governed Systems PDF Download

Author: Naftaly H. Minsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Operations research
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Author: Rutgers University. Laboratory for Computer Science Research
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Software engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 38

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Abstract: "Regularities, or the conformity to unifying principles, are essential to the comprehensibility, manageability and reliability of large software systems, and should, therefore, be considered an important element of their architecture. But, as is argued in this paper, the inherent globality of regularities makes them very hard to implement in traditional methods. This paper explores an approach to regularities which greatly simplifies their implementation, making them more easily employable for taming of the complexities of large systems. This approach, which is based on the concept of law-governed architecture (LGA), provides system designers and builders with the means for establishing regularities simply by declaring them formally and explicitly as the law of the system. Once such a law-governed regularity is declared, it is enforced by the environment in which the system is developed. We introduce here the formalism for specifying laws under the Darwin/2 environment, and give a sample of regularities that can be efficiently established by such laws. Although not all desirable regularities can be established this way, it is argued that the range of feasible law-governed regularities, which can be easily defined and efficiently enforced, is sufficiently broad for this to become a useful software engineering technique."

Author: John T. Roberts
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191565318
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 421

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John T. Roberts presents and defends a radically new theory of laws of nature, the Measurability Account. Though consistent with a Humean ontology, Roberts's theory differs sharply from the most influential Humean theory of laws, David Lewis's Best-System Analysis. Unlike other Humean theories, the Measurability Account affirms that there is an important sense in which the laws govern the universe, rather than simply describing it economically. Yet unlike non-Humean theories, it requires only minimal metaphysical commitments. In this way, it combines the advantages of Humean and non-Humean approaches to laws, while avoiding the pitfalls of each. At the heart of the Measurability Account are two new ideas: that lawhood is not a property of facts but rather a role that a proposition can play within a scientific theory, and that what is essential to laws is that they guarantee the reliability of methods of measuring natural quantities. On the basis of these ideas, Roberts argues that we can offer an informative and compelling explanation of why laws have the peculiar counterfactual resilience that sets them apart from accidental uniformities.

Author: Marvin Lee Minsky
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: John T. Roberts
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199557705
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 420

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John T. Roberts presents and defends a radical new theory of laws of nature. His Measurability Account affirms that there is an important sense in which laws govern the universe, rather than simply describing it economically. He argues that what is essential to laws is that they guarantee the reliability of methods of measuring natural quantities.

Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Author: D. Rozenshtein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer programming
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Author: Mireille Hildebrandt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136807675
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 249

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Law, Human Agency and Autonomic Computing interrogates the legal implications of the notion and experience of human agency implied by the emerging paradigm of autonomic computing, and the socio-technical infrastructures it supports. The development of autonomic computing and ambient intelligence – self-governing systems – challenge traditional philosophical conceptions of human self-constitution and agency, with significant consequences for the theory and practice of constitutional self-government. Ideas of identity, subjectivity, agency, personhood, intentionality, and embodiment are all central to the functioning of modern legal systems. But once artificial entities become more autonomic, and less dependent on deliberate human intervention, criteria like agency, intentionality and self-determination, become too fragile to serve as defining criteria for human subjectivity, personality or identity, and for characterizing the processes through which individual citizens become moral and legal subjects. Are autonomic – yet artificial – systems shrinking the distance between (acting) subjects and (acted upon) objects? How ‘distinctively human’ will agency be in a world of autonomic computing? Or, alternatively, does autonomic computing merely disclose that we were never, in this sense, ‘human’ anyway? A dialogue between philosophers of technology and philosophers of law, this book addresses these questions, as it takes up the unprecedented opportunity that autonomic computing and ambient intelligence offer for a reassessment of the most basic concepts of law.

Author: Vernon Valentine Palmer
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317095383
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 319

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Advancing legal scholarship in the area of mixed legal systems, as well as comparative law more generally, this book expands the comparative study of the world’s legal families to those of jurisdictions containing not only mixtures of common and civil law, but also to those mixing Islamic and/or traditional legal systems with those derived from common and/or civil law traditions. With contributions from leading experts in their fields, the book takes us far beyond the usual focus of comparative law with analysis of a broad range of countries, including relatively neglected and under-researched areas. The discussion is situated within the broader context of the ongoing development and evolution of mixed legal systems against the continuing tides of globalization on the one hand, and on the other hand the emergence of Islamic governments in some parts of the Middle East, the calls for a legal status for Islamic law in some European countries, and the increasing focus on traditional and customary norms of governance in post-colonial contexts. This book will be an invaluable source for students and researchers working in the areas of comparative law, legal pluralism, the evolution of mixed legal systems, and the impact of colonialism on contemporary legal systems. It will also be an important resource for policy-makers and analysts.

Author: Rutgers University. Dept. of Computer Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer networks
Languages : en
Pages : 28

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Abstract: "The main thesis of this paper is that the regime governing the patterns of sharing between objects, and of exchange of messages between them, should not be "hard-wired" into a programming language, but should be specifiable by the builders of a system to fit its particular requirements. This thesis, which also seems to correspond to the consensus reached by Stein, Lieberman and Ungar, has been the primary motivation behind our own concept of law-governed system, which serves as the foundation for this paper. We show how the law can be used to impose a variety of useful constraints over the structure and behavior of delegation-based systems. Such a law may contain some very specific rules that apply only to small parts of a system; it may also impose some very general regimes, such as class inheritance, on the entire system. We also argue that the constraints established by the law can be easily adapted to the changing requirements of an evolving system. This should be very useful in managing the process of software development from its design stage, through prototyping, construction, and beyond."