Land Surface and Orographic Controls on Precipitation Patterns in the Sierra Madre Occidental and Western Ghats PDF Download

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Languages : en
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Flow patterns and precipitation distribution in the vicinity of mountains are often attributed to whether the flow is in a blocked or unblocked regime, which, in turn, is dictated by the wind speed and static stability far upstream of the mountain and the mountain height. Herein, the notion that mesoscale disturbances immediately upstream of mountains and/or terrain inhomogeneities could alter the flow patterns significantly, resulting in a precipitation distribution that does not fit typical patterns for blocked vs. unblocked flows, was studied via consideration of specific case studies and idealized numerical experiments. The first scenario considered that of an orographically trapped stable layer upstream of a mountain. A series of quasi-idealized simulations suggests that flow patterns and precipitation distribution in the vicinity of a mountain are affected not only by the presence of such a layer, but by the strength of the capping inversion of this layer. Part two of this research investigated the effects of a pre-existing convective system upstream of a mountain for conditionally unstable flow, where a pre-existing convective system is defined as one that is triggered by some mechanism other than lifting by the mountain in question. Idealized numerical experiments with differing upstream wind speeds reveal that if the flow was in a blocked regime, the introduction of a pre-existing precipitation system had little effect on the precipitation distribution and flow patterns in the vicinity of the mountain. If the flow was in an unblocked regime, the introduction of a pre-existing precipitation system was associated with flow reversal upstream of the mountain and an upstream shift of the locus of maximum precipitation. The last part of the thesis considered the effects of terrain inhomogeneities on precipitation distribution via full-physics simulations of two heavy precipitation events along the western face of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Of the terrain featur.

Author: Reid Allen Bryson
Publisher:
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Category : Precipitation (Meteorology)
Languages : en
Pages : 56

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Author: D B. Clark
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Languages : en
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Author: Sandra Kathryn Majewski
Publisher:
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Category : Landforms
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Author: CAITLIN. FINLAYSON
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Languages : en
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Author: Frédéric Fabry
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316299473
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 613

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This practical textbook introduces the fundamental physics behind radar measurements, to guide students and practitioners in the proper interpretation of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity and dual-polarization imagery. Operational applications are explored, such as how radar imagery can be used to analyze and forecast convective and widespread weather systems. The book concludes with an overview of current research topics, including the study of clouds and precipitation using radars, signal processing, and data assimilation. Numerous full-color illustrations are included, as well as problem sets, case studies, and a variety of supplementary electronic material including animated time sequences of images to help convey complex concepts. This book is a valuable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in radar meteorology and other related courses, such as precipitation microphysics and dynamics. It will also make a useful reference for researchers, professional meteorologists and hydrologists.

Author: G.S.L.H.V. PRASADA RAO
Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN: 8120333381
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 384

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Designed as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate students of agriculture, it fulfills the need for an uptodate comprehensive information (as per the syllabus framed by ICAR) on the theoretical and applied aspects of agricultural meteorology. Illustrated with graphs, schematic representations, photographs and pictures, the scope of the book is divided into three major areas of study: 1. Discusses the basic aspects of agricultural meteorology; introduces the principal meteorological variables (with emphasis on radiation and temperature) that govern the atmosphere and highlights the causal factors leading to the global and local weather and climate variations like atmospheric pressure and winds, clouds, monsoon and precipitation. 2.Addresses the effects of weather on various crops and discusses applications of Hopkin’s bioclimatic law to mitigate the ill effects of weather on crop production; explains agroclimatic classification and discusses droughts and their management strategy with special reference to crops. 3.Deals with various types of weather forecasting and their techniques including weather service to farmers; explains crop growth simulation modelling—a newly emerging area in agricultural meteorology; focuses on influence of weather in relation to pest and disease outbreaks, discusses climate change and provides introduction to remote sensing. A special feature of the book is that it contains many indigenous examples related to the humid tropics. In addition, the book has many plates and information on basic and sophisticated meteorological equipment. A variety of chapter-end questions help develop students’ understanding of salient concepts and makes the material presented more meaningful.

Author: Andreas N. Angelakis
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780404840
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558

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Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life, both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in the developing world related to the wastewater management principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater. Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the reconsideration of successful past achievements. This retrospective view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence, has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the millennia, and compares the water technological developments in several civilizations. It provides valuable insights into ancient wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that “the past is the key for the future”. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all researchers in the these fields. Authors: Andreas N. Angelakis, Institute of Iraklion, Iraklion, Greece and Joan B. Rose, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA

Author: Jodi A. Hilty
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 9781610911702
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416

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Climate and Conservation presents case studies from around the world of leading-edge projects focused on climate change adaptation-regional-scale endeavors where scientists, managers, and practitioners are working to protect biodiversity by protecting landscapes and seascapes in response to threats posed by climate change. The book begins with an introductory section that frames the issues and takes a systematic look at planning for climate change adaptation. The nineteen chapters that follow examine particular case studies in every part of the world, including landscapes and seascapes from equatorial, temperate, montane, polar, and marine and freshwater regions. Projects profiled range from North American grasslands to boreal forests to coral reefs to Alpine freshwater environments. Chapter authors have extensive experience in their respective regions and are actively engaged in working on climate-related issues. The result is a collection of geographical case studies that allows for effective cross-comparison while at the same time recognizing the uniqueness of each situation and locale. Climate and Conservation offers readers tangible, place-based examples of projects designed to protect large landscapes as a means of conserving biodiversity in the face of the looming threat of global climate change. It informs readers of how a diverse set of conservation actors have been responding to climate change at a scale that matches the problem, and is an essential contribution for anyone involved with large-scale biodiversity conservation.