Land-atmosphere Interaction: Soil Moisture Feedback on Precipitation PDF Download

Author: F. Castelli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24

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Author: Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric temperature
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Author: Jiangfeng Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant-atmosphere relationships
Languages : en
Pages :

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Land-atmosphere interaction includes complex feedbacks among radiative, hydrological, and ecological processes, and the understanding of it is hindered by many factors such as the heterogeneity of land surface properties, the chaotic nature of the atmosphere, and the lack of observational data. In this study, several different methods are used to investigate the land-atmosphere interaction processes and their relationship with climate variability. Firstly, a simple one-dimensional model is developed to simulate the dominant soil-vegetation-atmosphere interaction processes in the warm climate. Although the physical processes are described coarsely, the model can be more easily used to find some relationships which may be drown out or distorted by noise. The influence of land on climate variability mainly lies in it memory, which is greatly related with the atmospheric forcing, so this model is used to investigate the influence of different forcing strengths on land-atmosphere interaction and its difference at different land covers. The findings from the simple model can provide guidance for other studies. The second part of the study compares a lagged soil moisture-precipitation (S-P) correlation (soil moisture in current day and precipitation in future 30 days) in three atmospheric reanalysis products (ERA-40, NCEP/DOE reanalysis-2, and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR)), Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 2 (GSWP-2) data, and NCAR CAM3 simulations. Different datasets and model simulations come to a similar negative-dominant S-P correlation pattern. This is different from the traditional view that the soil moisture should have positive influence on future precipitation. Further analysis shows that this correlation pattern is not caused by the soil moisture feedback but due to the combined effect of the precipitation oscillation and the memory of soil moisture. Theoretical analysis confirms the above results and finds that the precipitation time series with the strongest oscillation at 32-60 day period is most likely to induce a significantly negative S-P correlation, and regions with longer soil water retention time are more likely to have a significantly negative S-P correlation. This study illustrates that a lagged correlation does not always indicate a causal relation.

Author: Marika Koukoula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Precipitation-driven hydrometeorological hazards such as floods, droughts, and landslides have significant socioeconomic impacts. Understanding the complex interaction of precipitation with land surface processes and climate characteristics is, therefore, imperative for improving predictability of these extreme events. Soil moisture is an important hydrological state variable playing a crucial role in land-atmosphere interactions as it affects both precipitation and runoff generation. In this work we investigate the impact of soil moisture uncertainty on simulated precipitation from Numerical Weather Prediction models under different climate and meteorological conditions. We then assess the combined effects of soil moisture on precipitation and the antecedent wetness conditions of the basin on the rainfall-to-runoff transformation process driving the catchment flood response under different basin scales and meteorological conditions. The study elucidate the complexity of the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation, suggesting that the control of soil water content on partitioning land surface heat fluxes has significant impacts on both the magnitude and spatial distribution of simulated precipitation. Results indicate different characteristics of the soil moisture-precipitation relationship during the cold and warm periods and under different climate and meteorological conditions. It is also shown that soil moisture affects runoff directly, changing the saturation level of the soil, and indirectly, through the impact on the magnitude and spatial distribution of precipitation. The combination of these two mechanisms results into high sensitivity of runoff generation, in terms of peak flow and runoff volume, on antecedent wetness. It is shown that this relationship between soil moisture and runoff varies under different antecedent wetness conditions, basin scales and soil characteristics.

Author: Prashant K. Srivastava
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128033894
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 441

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Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieval: Techniques and Applications offers readers a better understanding of the scientific underpinnings, development, and application of soil moisture retrieval techniques and their applications for environmental modeling and management, bringing together a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of soil moisture retrieval techniques from optical and infrared datasets, such as the universal triangle method, vegetation indices based approaches, empirical models, and microwave techniques, particularly by utilizing earth observation datasets such as IRS III, MODIS, Landsat7, Landsat8, SMOS, AMSR-e, AMSR2 and the upcoming SMAP. Through its coverage of a wide variety of soil moisture retrieval applications, including drought, flood, irrigation scheduling, weather forecasting, climate change, precipitation forecasting, and several others, this is the first book to promote synergistic and multidisciplinary activities among scientists and users working in the hydrometeorological sciences. - Demystifies soil moisture retrieval and prediction - Links soil moisture retrieval techniques with new satellite missions for earth and environmental science oriented problems - Written to be accessible to a wider range of professionals with a common interest in geo-spatial techniques, remote sensing, sustainable water resource development, and earth and environmental issues

Author: Vasubandhu Misra
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128218274
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 342

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Regionalizing Global Climate Variations: A Study of the Southeastern US Regional Climate provides a framework for understanding regional climate in light of the many assessment reports being released regularly by international organizations. The book emphasizes global climate variations to explore the concept of the regionalization of those variations. Focusing on the climate of the Southeastern United States as a lens, it provides a template for targeting regional climate change in the context of global variability. It includes coverage of weather extremes, such as tornadoes, cyclones, and drought, and approaches the subject from a holistic perspective, including atmospheric, oceanic, and land components. The Southeastern United States is a particularly relevant case study, given the fact that it is the largest quarter of the United States and has the most coastlines, often resulting in a higher number of extreme weather events. This practical approach to understanding climate at the regional/local scale makes the book a valuable resource for students and researchers in Meteorology, Climate Science, Oceanography, Environmental Science, and other applied sectors. - Includes descriptions of the morphology of weather extremes such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes - Discusses the influence of climate change on weather extremes - Presents a holistic or interdisciplinary approach to understanding regional climate that includes features of atmospheric science, meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology

Author: Trenton W. Ford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Soil moisture is vital to the climate system, as root zone soil moisture has a significant influence on evapotranspiration rates and latent and sensible heat exchange. Through the modification of moisture flux from the land surface to the atmosphere, soil moisture can impact regional temperature and precipitation. Despite a wealth of studies examining land-atmosphere interactions, model and observation-driven studies show conflicting results with regard to the sign and strength of soil moisture feedback to precipitation, particularly in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. This research provides observational evidence for a preferential dry (or negative) soil moisture feedback to precipitation in Oklahoma. The ability of soil moisture to impact the location and occurrence of afternoon convective precipitation is constrained by synoptic-scale atmospheric circulation and resulting mid- and low-level wind patterns and sensible and latent heat flux. Overall, the preference for precipitation initiation over dry soils is enhanced when regional soil moisture gradients exhibit a weakened east to west, wet to dry pattern. Based on these results, we conclude that soil moisture can modify atmospheric conditions potentially leading to convective initiation. However, the land surface feedback signal is weak at best, suggesting that regional-scale circulation is the dominant driver of warm season precipitation in the Southern Great Plains. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155510

Author: Yunyun Liu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128165316
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259

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The Asian Summer Monsoon: Characteristics, Variability, Teleconnections and Projection focuses on the connections between the Indian Summer and East Asian Summer Monsoons, also including the South China Sea Summer Monsoon. While these systems have profound differences, their interactions have significant impacts on the climatic regimes in the region and throughout the world. In summer, the ASM engine pumps moisture transported across thousands of miles from the Indian and Pacific Oceans to the monsoon regions, producing heavy rains over south and east Asia and its adjacent marginal seas. This book reviews the different subsystems and their impact, providing guidance to enhance prediction models. - Synthesizes the connections between the East Asian Summer Monsoon, the Indian Summer Monsoon and the Asian Summer Monsoon system - Includes subsections on holistic characteristics, sub-seasonal and interannual variability, teleconnection patterns, and projections of future change - Connects current theory and practice on Asian Monsoon forecasting, providing researchers with new skills and information to use in climate and weather forecasting

Author: Paul A. Dirmeyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 48

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A synthesis of several approaches to quantifying land-atmosphere interactions is presented. These approaches use data from observations or atmospheric reanalyses applied to atmospheric tracer models and stand-alone land surface schemes. None of these approaches relies on the results of general circulation model simulations. A high degree of correlation is found among these independent approaches, and constructed here is a composite assessment of global land-atmosphere feedback strength as a function of season. The composite combines the characteristics of persistence of soil moisture anomalies, strong soil moisture regulation of evaporation rates, and reinforcement of water cycle anomalies through recycling. The regions and seasons that have a strong composite signal predominate in both summer and winter monsoon regions in the period after the rainy season wanes. However, there are exceptions to this pattern, most notably over the Great Plains of North America and the Pampas/Pantanal of South America, where there are signs of land-atmosphere feedback throughout most of the year. Soil moisture memory in many of these regions is long enough to suggest that real-time monitoring and accurate initialization of the land surface in forecast models could lead to improvements in medium-range weather to subseasonal climate forecasts.

Author: Ram Babu Singh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 320

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This text aims to promote a better understanding of land use and land-cover change in the assessment and management of global environmental resources, and to develop a comparative framework for assessing these changes.