Laboratory Hydraulic Fracture Characterization Using Acoustic Emission PDF Download

Author: Jesse Clay Hampton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acoustic emission
Languages : en
Pages : 123

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
The results presented here are from a continuing petroleum reservoir stimulation research program at the Morgantown Energy Research Center (MERC) of the U.S. Government Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA). The research pertains to hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas reservoir rocks with specific emphasis placed upon the acoustic mapping of induced fracture orientations, lengths and rates of propagation, and the mechanisms governing fracture propagation in oil and gas reservoirs. Information presented here is based upon a field experiment for acoustically mapping hydraulic fractures, and laboratory studies on acoustic emission from fracture initiation and growth in reservoir rocks. The field experiment was conducted in a petroleum reservoir in Bradford, Pa. Twelve hydrophone type sensors were placed at the oil bearing rock elevation of 2,030 feet from the surface in adjacent wells surrounding the fractured well. Complete directional acoustic velocity distribution and acoustic background noise levels were evaluated. The resulting measurements made during the hydraulic fracture mapping experiment, data analysis techniques and problems are discussed. Instrumentation developed and used in the data reduction and analysis is described. Laboratory hydraulic fracture stimulation experiments conducted in reservoir rocks are discussed with a description of techniques, instrumentation, and data analysis included.

Author: Qiuyi Bing Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 205

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The purpose of this work is to observe acoustic emissions (AE) generated by laboratory scale hydraulic fracturing of Barre granite specimens with single or double flaw geometry. The scope of this work covers the experimental setup and subsequent analyses of these acoustic emissions, which in essence are elastic waves generated by displacements occurring within the rock specimen. Acoustic emissions can be analysed in a number of ways, whether individually or grouped together into events when a number of emissions arrive together. Individual emissions can be analysed for their amplitude, energy, or their frequency content while the source location and source mechanism can be inferred from events. The AE data are analysed in conjunction with water pressure, high resolution images, and high speed video taken during the experiment. Section 3 of this work outlines the selection and subsequent modification of the AE acquisition system with a specific focus on capturing AE at the end of each experiment in order to compare results to high speed video. This section describes the initial equipment selection, as well as initial experiments where it was noted that crucial data were missing around the time of the fracture event. This issue was largely resolved by modifying the system parameters as well as upgrading the PC supporting the AE acquisition cards. Section 4 of this work describes analysis of one experiment, providing an in-depth start-to-finish account of the nature of acoustic emissions at different phases of the experiment. This section also considers all of the hydraulic fracture experiments performed at different vertical loads and specimen flaw geometries, and draws some tentative conclusions regarding hydraulic fracturing in granite.

Author: Michael Molenda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Jesse Clay Hampton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Acoustic emission
Languages : en
Pages : 100

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Author: Seth Stein
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118687450
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512

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An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structures is an introduction to seismology and its role in the earth sciences, and is written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The fundamentals of seismic wave propagation are developed using a physical approach and then applied to show how refraction, reflection, and teleseismic techniques are used to study the structure and thus the composition and evolution of the earth. The book shows how seismic waves are used to study earthquakes and are integrated with other data to investigate the plate tectonic processes that cause earthquakes. Figures, examples, problems, and computer exercises teach students about seismology in a creative and intuitive manner. Necessary mathematical tools including vector and tensor analysis, matrix algebra, Fourier analysis, statistics of errors, signal processing, and data inversion are introduced with many relevant examples. The text also addresses the fundamentals of seismometry and applications of seismology to societal issues. Special attention is paid to help students visualize connections between different topics and view seismology as an integrated science. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure gives an excellent overview for students of geophysics and tectonics, and provides a strong foundation for further studies in seismology. Multidisciplinary examples throughout the text - catering to students in varied disciplines (geology, mineralogy, petrology, physics, etc.). Most up to date book on the market - includes recent seismic events such as the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan). Chapter outlines - each chapter begins with an outline and a list of learning objectives to help students focus and study. Essential math review - an entire section reviews the essential math needed to understand seismology. This can be covered in class or left to students to review as needed. End of chapter problem sets - homework problems that cover the material presented in the chapter. Solutions to all odd numbered problem sets are listed in the back so that students can track their progress. Extensive References - classic references and more current references are listed at the end of each chapter. A set of instructor's resources containing downloadable versions of all the figures in the book, errata and answers to homework problems is available at: http://levee.wustl.edu/seismology/book/. Also available on this website are PowerPoint lecture slides corresponding to the first 5 chapters of the book.

Author: Abhishek Sharma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydraulic fracturing
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Author: Kiyoo Mogi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0203964446
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 378

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Book Description
Fracture and flow of rocks under stress and their geophysical and seismological implications raise fundamental questions in rock mechanics, particularly in the areas of tectonophysics and seismology. This text exclusively addresses the deformation and fracture of rock specimens under general triaxial compression, in which all three principal stress

Author: F. L. Paillet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystalline rocks
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Author: Longjun Dong
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981198610X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 354

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In this book, we proposed velocity-free localization methods for acoustic and microseismic sources. This method does not require predetermination of wave velocity, which is a dynamically adjusted free real-time parameter. These methods solve the problem of large localization error caused by the difference between measured wave velocity and actual wave velocity in the source area and greatly improve the positioning accuracy. They are suitable for complex structures where the wave velocity changes dynamically in time and space, such as mines, bridges, buildings, pavements, loaded mechanical structures, dams, geothermal mining, oil extraction, and other engineering fields. This book includes progress in the development of localization methods, factors affecting the accuracy of source localization, analytical methods without the pre-measured wave velocity, velocity-free numerical methods for localizing acoustic sources, combined optimal velocity-free localization methods, velocity-free source localization considering complex paths of spatial structures, and theories as well as some cases of engineering applications of these methods.