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Book Description
Avec l’arrivée à maturité de l’industrie gazière en Europe, son organisation traditionnelle, dominée par des monopoles intégrés et des contrats de long terme, est de plus en plus critiquée. Partant du principe que la concurrence peut améliorer à la fois la sécurité des approvisionnements, la compétitivité de l’industrie européenne, la qualité des services et la réduction des coûts d’accès à l’énergie, les États membres de l’Union Européenne ont décidé de libéraliser les marchés du gaz en adoptant une série de directives. L’objet de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les procédures et la réglementation mises en place afin d’assurer un bon fonctionnement de la chaîne gazière européenne. Nous étudions l’évolution future de l’organisation des marchés gaziers, les différentes variables susceptibles d’affecter à long terme les prix du gaz en Europe grâce au Modèles Vectoriels à Correction d’Erreur (VECM) ainsi que la stratégie des différents acteurs du marché, la réorganisation dans l’aval gazier et enfin l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs. Nous analysons enfin les démarches stratégiques adoptées par l’entreprise nationale algérienne d’hydrocarbures, la Sonatrach, fournisseur historique du marché gazier européen, à la suite de ces changements stratégiques importants
Book Description
Avec l’arrivée à maturité de l’industrie gazière en Europe, son organisation traditionnelle, dominée par des monopoles intégrés et des contrats de long terme, est de plus en plus critiquée. Partant du principe que la concurrence peut améliorer à la fois la sécurité des approvisionnements, la compétitivité de l’industrie européenne, la qualité des services et la réduction des coûts d’accès à l’énergie, les États membres de l’Union Européenne ont décidé de libéraliser les marchés du gaz en adoptant une série de directives. L’objet de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les procédures et la réglementation mises en place afin d’assurer un bon fonctionnement de la chaîne gazière européenne. Nous étudions l’évolution future de l’organisation des marchés gaziers, les différentes variables susceptibles d’affecter à long terme les prix du gaz en Europe grâce au Modèles Vectoriels à Correction d’Erreur (VECM) ainsi que la stratégie des différents acteurs du marché, la réorganisation dans l’aval gazier et enfin l’apparition de nouveaux acteurs. Nous analysons enfin les démarches stratégiques adoptées par l’entreprise nationale algérienne d’hydrocarbures, la Sonatrach, fournisseur historique du marché gazier européen, à la suite de ces changements stratégiques importants
Author: World Bank;World Trade Organization Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464815569 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Trade can dramatically improve women’s lives, creating new jobs, enhancing consumer choices, and increasing women’s bargaining power in society. It can also lead to job losses and a concentration of work in low-skilled employment. Given the complexity and specificity of the relationship between trade and gender, it is essential to assess the potential impact of trade policy on both women and men and to develop appropriate, evidence-based policies to ensure that trade helps to enhance opportunities for all. Research on gender equality and trade has been constrained by limited data and a lack of understanding of the connections among the economic roles that women play as workers, consumers, and decision makers. Building on new analyses and new sex-disaggregated data, Women and Trade: The Role of Trade in Promoting Gender Equality aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between trade and gender equality and to identify a series of opportunities through which trade can improve the lives of women.
Author: Bihini won wa Musiti Publisher: IUCN ISBN: 2831706904 Category : Conservation of natural resources Languages : ru Pages : 344
Book Description
This bilingual publication results from a four-day symposium aimed at capturing the general directions and analytical issues that characterize approaches to sustainable use in Africa. The papers included in this work are organized under four major headings: modes of use, devolution, scale issues and external issues. Authors explore these themes through the use of case studies and the description of specific regional experiences. External issues are further explored in a series of commissioned policy papers which have also been included.
Author: Linda Strande Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1780404735 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527345558 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 790
Book Description
This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Fao ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 66
Book Description
"A joint publication of the FAO Land and Water Development Division, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization with contributions from the Institute for Social and Environmental Transition, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, and the International Association of Hydrogeologists, Kenilworth, United Kingdom."
Author: J. Morris Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137483075 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
Informed by in-depth case studies focusing on a wide spectrum of micro and macro post-socialist realities, this book demonstrates the multi-faceted nature of informality and suggests that it is a widely diffused phenomenon, used at all levels of a society and by both winners and losers of post-socialist transition.
Author: Yanis Aïnas
Author: Yanis Aïnas
Author: World Bank;World Trade Organization
Author: Gustavo Adler
Author: Bihini won wa Musiti
Author: Gabriel Surenne
Author: Linda Strande
Author: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Author: Thomas Nugent
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Author: J. Morris