La (in)efectividad de la ley y la exclusión en América Latina PDF Download

Author: Juan E. Méndez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : es
Pages : 340

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Book Description
Las transiciones democraticas en America latina crearon la esperanza de que el fin de las dictaduras significaria la consolidacion del imperio de la ley. Sin embargo, existe una gran brecha entre la letra de las declaraciones de los derechos y la aplicacion y practica de la ley. Este libro, que reune las contribuciones de distinguidos academicos en el marco del encuentro promovido por el Instituto de Estudios Internacionales Helen Kellogg, de la Universidad de Notre Dame, se estructura alrededor de tres ejes principales. Por un lado, el ejercicio de la violencia fuera de la ley. Los gobiernos civiles no han podido combatir la impunidad, tal como se evidencia en las dificultades para limitar los abusos de la policia, institucion que tiende a funcionar protegiendo de los pobres a las clases dominantes. Esa violencia halla su correlato en las deficiencias que presentan las instituciones a cargo de la provision de justicia, segundo eje de reflexion de los trabajos. En general el sistema judicial se ha visto desacreditado por su venalidad, ineficiencia y falta de autonomia, y su reestructuracion merece un pormenorizado analisis. Por ultimo, y en consonancia con lo anterior, el libro examina las diversas formas de discriminacion que se ejercen en America latina, ya sea por distinciones de raza, genero o nivel socioeconomico. A pesar de los obstaculos para la construccion de un sistema democratico transparente y equitativo y de las falencias que presentan las actuales instituciones estatales, es importante reconocer, tal como sostiene Guillermo ODonnell, que la democracia no es un regimen estatico sino un horizonte en movimiento. Y, sin duda, la completa efectividad del imperio de la leyconstituye una de las metas del proceso de consolidacion democratica actualmente en curso.

Author: John Bailey
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN: 0822972948
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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Book Description
The events of September 11, 2001, combined with a pattern of increased crime and violence in the 1980s and mid-1990s in the Americas, has crystallized the need to reform government policies and police procedures to combat these threats. Public Security and Police Reform in the Americas examines the problems of security and how they are addressed in Latin America and the United States. Bailey and Dammert detail the wide variation in police tactics and efforts by individual nations to assess their effectiveness and ethical accountability. Policies on this issue can take the form of authoritarianism, which threatens the democratic process itself, or can, instead, work to "demilitarize" the police force. Bailey and Dammert argue that although attempts to apply generic models such as the successful "zero tolerance" created in the United States to the emerging democracies of Latin America—where institutional and economic instabilities exist—may be inappropriate, it is both possible and profitable to consider these issues from a common framework across national boundaries. Public Security and Police Reform in the Americas lays the foundation for a greater understanding of policies between nations by examining their successes and failures and opens a dialogue about the common goal of public security.

Author: L. Lehnen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137313366
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 219

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Book Description
Considering how literary texts address the transformations that Brazil has undergone since its 1985 transition to democracy, this study proposes that Brazilian contemporary literature is informed by the struggle for social, civil, and cultural rights and that literary production has created spaces for historically disenfranchised communities.

Author: José Maurício Domingues
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135924791
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description
In this book, renowned author José Maurício Domingues places Latin America within the third phase of global modern civilization and offers a general theoretical approach to contemporary Latin America. He sees modernity as configured by episodic modernizing moves which, when counting on strong identity and organization as well as clear-cut projects, may assume the aspect of modernizing offensives. Highlighting subjects as law, rights and justice as well as globalization and development, Dominguez places Latin America in the uneven, combined and contradictory development of modern civilization and offers a final assessment of its possibilities and limits. The book will be of interest to researchers and students of modernity, globalization, Latin America, sociological theory and its key concepts.

Author: Ben Bradford
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1473959101
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 980

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Book Description
The SAGE Handbook of Global Policing examines and critically retraces the field of policing studies by posing and exploring a series of fundamental questions to do with the concept and institutions of policing and their relation to social and political life in today′s globalized world. The volume is structured in the following four parts: Part One: Lenses Part Two: Social and Political Order Part Three: Legacies Part Four: Problems and Problematics. By bringing new lines of vision and new voices to the social analysis of policing, and by clearly demonstrating why policing matters, the Handbook will be an essential tool for anyone in the field.

Author: Marc Hertogh
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1786431254
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 550

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Book Description
The public sector ombudsman has become one of the most important administrative justice institutions in many countries around the world. This international and interdisciplinary Research Handbook brings together leading scholars and practitioners to discuss the state-of-the-art of ombudsman research. It uses new empirical studies and competing theoretical explanations to critically examine important aspects of the ombudsman’s work. This comprehensive Handbook is of value to academics designing future ombudsman studies and practitioners and policymakers in understanding the future challenges of the ombudsman.

Author: Peter Birle
Publisher: Iberoamericana Editorial
ISBN: 9788484893752
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244

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Book Description
A view from outside Brazil that seeks to understand how Brazilian society is responding to the processes of global integration. Also documents the plurality of ways that social actors and analysts interpret the transformations.

Author: Ulrike Capdepón
Publisher: Leuven University Press
ISBN: 9462702497
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247

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Book Description
New perspectives on human rights prosecutions in various regional contexts Human rights prosecutions are the most prominent mechanisms that victims demand to obtain accountability. Dealing with a legacy of gross human rights violations presents opportunities to enhance the right to justice and promote a more equal application of criminal law, a fundamental condition for a more substantive democracy in societies. This book seeks to analyse the impact, advances, and difficulties of prosecuting perpetrators of mass atrocities at national and international levels. What role does criminal justice play in redressing victims’ wrongs, guaranteeing the non-repetition of mass atrocities, and attempting to overcome the damage caused by systematic human rights violations? This volume addresses critical issues in the field of human rights prosecution by drawing on the experiences of a variety of post-conflict and authoritarian countries covering three world regions. Contributing authors cover prosecutions in post-Nazi Germany, post-Communist Romania, and transnational legal complaints by victims of the Franco dictatorship, as well as domestic and third-country prosecutions for human rights violations in the pioneering South American countries of Argentina, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay, prosecutions in Darfur and Kenya, and the work of the International Criminal Court. The Impact of Human Rights Prosecutions offers insights into the difficulties human rights trials face in different contexts and regions, and also illustrates the development of these legal procedures over time. The volume will be of interest to human rights scholars as well as legal practitioners, participants, justice system actors, and policy makers.

Author: Aldo Mascareño
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317105796
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Book Description
Emerging traits of late global modernity such as transnationalism, multiculturalism, individualization and supranational contexts of action raise the question of what holds society together. Responses have typically made reference to legitimization, but the modern world presents challenges to such responses, for in such a differentiated, globalized setting, legitimization can no longer appeal to the previous national, ideological or religious foundations of early modernity. From a variety of theoretical and empirical perspectives, this book explores the manner in which legitimization can be constructed by people, groups or institutions under the contemporary pressures and possibilities of modern world society. Drawing on cosmopolitan theory, postcolonial sociology, systems theory, and historical sociology, it engages with questions of human rights, processes of individualization and the constitution of transnational spaces in its examination of the challenges to legitimization. As such, it will be of interest to scholars of sociology, political science and social and legal theory, concerned with questions of globalization and the problems of social cohesion and legitimacy.

Author: Kees Koonings
Publisher: Zed Books Ltd.
ISBN: 1848136153
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 303

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Book Description
In this volume, Latin Americanist scholars explore the recent evidence relating to the ways in which partial state failure in the continent is interacting with new types of organized violence, thereby undermining the process of democratic consolidation that has characterized Latin America over the past two decades. This 'new violence' stems - as this book's case studies from Colombia, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Brazil and other countries, including El Salvador, show - from a heterogeneous variety of social actors including drug mafias, peasant militias and urban gangs (collectively referred to as actores armadas), as well as state-related actors like the police, military intelligence agencies and paramilitary forces. These armed actors are reproducing organized social and political violence beyond the confines of democratic politics and civil society. The results, as the authors warn, include both 'governance voids' - domains where the legitimate state is effectively absent in the face of armed actors prevailing by force - and an erosion of the capacity and willingness of state officials themselves to abide by the rule of law. These tendencies, in turn, pave the way for a possible reinstallation of authoritarian regimes under the control of politicized armies or, at the very least, the spread of state violence in one form or another. Why these tendencies need to be taken so seriously is, the authors argue, because of the deeper social roots underlying them - notably the failure of neoliberal economic policies and weakened state structures to deliver the jobs, standards of living and social services every democratic citizenry has a right to expect. The Argentinian collapse and persistent Colombian and Venezuelan crises receive special attention in this regard.