La fin du "tout génétique" ? PDF Download

Author: Henri Atlan
Publisher: Editions Quae
ISBN: 9782759207398
Category : Philosophy
Languages : fr
Pages : 98

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Book Description
Les succès comme les excès de la biologie moléculaire se sont en partie construits sur la métaphore informatique du "programme" génétique. Henri Atlan s'interroge sur les implications de cette métaphore pour l'orientation des recherches et des interprétations scientifiques, mais aussi pour l'information destinée aux non-spécialistes, citoyens et décideurs. Des découvertes récentes concernant les prions, le clonage ou la biologie du développement viennent ébranler le modèle, relancer le débat sur les effets épigénétiques et soulignent les limites de ce nouveau réductionnisme. Les théories de la complexité et de l'auto-organisation du vivant, dont Henri Atlan fut l'un des pionniers, éclairent ces questions et permettent de les situer dans la perspective plus globale de l'évolution de la biologie moderne.

Author: Catherine Malabou
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0745691544
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
Is contemporary continental philosophy making a break with Kant? The structures of knowledge, taken for granted since Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, are now being called into question: the finitude of the subject, the phenomenal given, a priori synthesis. Relinquish the transcendental: such is the imperative of postcritical thinking in the 21st century. Questions that we no longer thought it possible to ask now reemerge with renewed vigor: can Kant really maintain the difference between a priori and innate? Can he deduce, rather than impose, the categories, or justify the necessity of nature? Recent research into brain development aggravates these suspicions, which measure transcendental idealism against the thesis of a biological origin for cognitive processes. In her important new book Catherine Malabou lays out Kant's response to his posterity. True to its subject, the book evolves as an epigenesis – the differentiated growth of the embryo – for, as those who know how to read critical philosophy affirm, this is the very life of the transcendental and contains the promise of its transformation.

Author:
Publisher: Odile Jacob
ISBN: 2738178286
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Author: Marc Trestini
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119563577
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 217

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The emergence of social networks, OpenCourseWare, Massive Open Online Courses, informal remote learning and connectivist approaches to learning has made the analysis and evaluation of Digital Learning Environments more complex. Modeling these complex systems makes it possible to transcribe the phenomena observed and facilitates the study of these processes with the aid of specific tools. Once this essential step is taken, it then becomes possible to develop plausible scenarios from the observation of emerging phenomena and dominant trends. This book highlights the contribution of complex systems theory in the study of next generation Digital Learning Environments. It describes a realistic approach and proposes a range of effective management tools to achieve it.

Author: Andre Green
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135446962
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 343

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Book Description
André Green attempts the complex task of identifying and examining the key ideas for a contemporary psychoanalytic practice. This undertaking is motivated both by the need for an outline of the evolution of psychoanalysis since Freud's death, and by the hope of tackling the fragmentation which has led to the current 'crisis of psychoanalysis'. In three sections covering the theoretical and practical aspects of psychoanalysis, and analysing the current state of the field, André Green provides a stimulating overview of the principal concepts that have guided his work. Subjects covered include: Transference and countertransference Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: modalities and results Language-speech-discourse in psychoanalysis Recognition of the unconscious This unique contemporary perspective on the psychoanalytic enterprise will fascinate all those with an interest in the problems that face the field and the opportunities for its future development.

Author: Osmo Otto Paivio Hanninen; Mustafa Atalay; B.P. Mansourian; A. Wojtezak; S.M. Mahfouz; Harry Majewski; Elaine Elisabetsky; Nina L. Etkin; Ralph Kirby; T.G. Downing and M.I. El Gohary
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
ISBN: 1848263864
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 530

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Book Description
Medical and Health Sciences is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. These volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, applications and extensive illustrations. It carries state-of-the-art knowledge in the fields of Medical and Health Sciences and is aimed, by virtue of the several applications, at the following five major target audiences: University and College Students, Educators, Professional Practitioners, Research Personnel and Policy Analysts, Managers, and Decision Makers and NGOs

Author: Roland Dumont
Publisher: Editions Quae
ISBN: 9782876146327
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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A study of yam domestication practices among smallholders has provided an insight into how farmers exploit wild plant genetic resources so as to adapt them to agriculture. This book describes the domestication operations leading to Dioscorea rotundata yams in Africa. The biodiversity of these yams and of their wild relatives is investigated, and the authors put forward hypotheses to explain the phenotypic changes resulting from smallholder practices. These hypotheses could be possible lines of research for breeders.

Author: Jean-Jacques Kupiec
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981270499X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
In the 17th century, Descartes put forth the metaphor of the machine to explain the functioning of living beings. In the 18th century, La Mettrie extended the metaphor to man. The clock was then used as the paradigm of the machine. In the 20th century, this metaphor still held but the clock was replaced by a computer. Nowadays, the organism is viewed as a robot obeying signals emanating from a computer program controlled by genetic information. This book shows that such a conception leads to contradictions not only in the theory of biology but also in its experimental research program, thereby impeding its development. The analysis of this problem is based on the most recent experimental data obtained in molecular biology as well as the history and philosophy of biology. It shows that the machine theory did not succeed in breaking with Aristotle's finalism. The book presents a new approach to biological systems based on cellular Darwinism. Genes are ruled by probabilistic mechanisms allowing cells to differentiate stochastically. Embryo development is not governed by a determinist genetic program but by natural selection occurring among cell populations inside the organism. This theory has considerable philosophical consequences. Man may be a machine but he is a random one.

Author: Boutros Pierre Mansourian
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
ISBN: 1848262493
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 514

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Book Description
Global Perspectives in Health is a component of Encyclopedia of Biological, Physiological and Health Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Global Perspectives in Health provides the essential aspects and with a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Global Perspectives in Health; Determinants of Health and Their Interactions; Epidemiology: Health and Disease in Populations; Health Care Systems; Ethical Issues in Health; New Problems in Global Health. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Author: Catherine Malabou
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0231547234
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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Book Description
What is intelligence? The concept crosses and blurs the boundaries between natural and artificial, bridging the human brain and the cybernetic world of AI. In this book, the acclaimed philosopher Catherine Malabou ventures a new approach that emphasizes the intertwined, networked relationships among the biological, the technological, and the symbolic. Malabou traces the modern metamorphoses of intelligence, seeking to understand how neurobiological and neurotechnological advances have transformed our view. She considers three crucial developments: the notion of intelligence as an empirical, genetically based quality measurable by standardized tests; the shift to the epigenetic paradigm, with its emphasis on neural plasticity; and the dawn of artificial intelligence, with its potential to simulate, replicate, and ultimately surpass the workings of the brain. Malabou concludes that a dialogue between human and cybernetic intelligence offers the best if not the only means to build a democratic future. A strikingly original exploration of our changing notions of intelligence and the human and their far-reaching philosophical and political implications, Morphing Intelligence is an essential analysis of the porous border between symbolic and biological life at a time when once-clear distinctions between mind and machine have become uncertain.