La construcción de la democracia y la creencia en Dios PDF Download

Author: Joseba Arregi
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788433018571
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 26

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Author: Alexis de Tocqueville
Publisher: Library of Alexandria
ISBN: 1613105002
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1320

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Amongst the novel objects that attracted my attention during my stay in the United States, nothing struck me more forcibly than the general equality of conditions. I readily discovered the prodigious influence which this primary fact exercises on the whole course of society, by giving a certain direction to public opinion, and a certain tenor to the laws; by imparting new maxims to the governing powers, and peculiar habits to the governed. I speedily perceived that the influence of this fact extends far beyond the political character and the laws of the country, and that it has no less empire over civil society than over the Government; it creates opinions, engenders sentiments, suggests the ordinary practices of life, and modifies whatever it does not produce. The more I advanced in the study of American society, the more I perceived that the equality of conditions is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived, and the central point at which all my observations constantly terminated. I then turned my thoughts to our own hemisphere, where I imagined that I discerned something analogous to the spectacle which the New World presented to me. I observed that the equality of conditions is daily progressing towards those extreme limits which it seems to have reached in the United States, and that the democracy which governs the American communities appears to be rapidly rising into power in Europe. I hence conceived the idea of the book which is now before the reader. It is evident to all alike that a great democratic revolution is going on amongst us; but there are two opinions as to its nature and consequences. To some it appears to be a novel accident, which as such may still be checked; to others it seems irresistible, because it is the most uniform, the most ancient, and the most permanent tendency which is to be found in history. Let us recollect the situation of France seven hundred years ago, when the territory was divided amongst a small number of families, who were the owners of the soil and the rulers of the inhabitants; the right of governing descended with the family inheritance from generation to generation; force was the only means by which man could act on man, and landed property was the sole source of power. Soon, however, the political power of the clergy was founded, and began to exert itself: the clergy opened its ranks to all classes, to the poor and the rich, the villein and the lord; equality penetrated into the Government through the Church, and the being who as a serf must have vegetated in perpetual bondage took his place as a priest in the midst of nobles, and not infrequently above the heads of kings. The different relations of men became more complicated and more numerous as society gradually became more stable and more civilized. Thence the want of civil laws was felt; and the order of legal functionaries soon rose from the obscurity of the tribunals and their dusty chambers, to appear at the court of the monarch, by the side of the feudal barons in their ermine and their mail. Whilst the kings were ruining themselves by their great enterprises, and the nobles exhausting their resources by private wars, the lower orders were enriching themselves by commerce. The influence of money began to be perceptible in State affairs. The transactions of business opened a new road to power, and the financier rose to a station of political influence in which he was at once flattered and despised. Gradually the spread of mental acquirements, and the increasing taste for literature and art, opened chances of success to talent; science became a means of government, intelligence led to social power, and the man of letters took a part in the affairs of the State. The value attached to the privileges of birth decreased in the exact proportion in which new paths were struck out to advancement. In the eleventh century nobility was beyond all price; in the thirteenth it might be purchased; it was conferred for the first time in 1270; and equality was thus introduced into the Government by the aristocracy itself.

Author: Heinrich Wilhelm Schäfer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783868218558
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Catholic Church. Pope (1963-1978 : Paul VI)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Church and social problems
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Author: Tullio Scovazzi
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 900416149X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 453

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Enforced disappearance is one of the most serious human rights violations. It constitutes an autonomous offence and a crime under international law on account of its multiple and continuing character. It is not a phenomenon of the past, nor is it geographically limited to Latin America: such scourge is widespread today and on the increase in other continents. For more than twenty-five years, relatives of disappeared people worldwide have insisted on the pressing need for an international legally binding instrument against enforced disappearances. 2006 is the year of the adoption of the International Convention on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearances, which represents the result of several legislative and jurisprudential developments that are duly analyzed in this book. The Convention has been opened for signature in February 2007.

Author: Claudia von Werlhof
Publisher: Beiträge zur Dissidenz
ISBN: 9783631615522
Category : Capitalism
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Western civilization is the Utopia of a better and higher life on Earth. The globalization of neo-liberalism proves that this project has failed. The paradigm of «Critical Theory of Patriarchy» explains this failure and discusses alternatives. By confronting the central civilizations in history, the egalitarian, life-oriented matriarchal one, and the hierarchical, nature and life dominating, hostile patriarchal one, we see that 5000 years of patriarchy have «replaced» matriarchies and nature itself by a «progressive» counter-world of «capital». This transformation characterizes «capitalist patriarchy» including «socialism». Its demise is due to the «alchemical» destruction of the world's resources, thought of, theologically legitimized and fetishized as «creation». This violence is not recognized. Elites have, instead, begun with a new «military alchemy», treating the whole Planet as weapon of mass destruction. Hence, the «Planetary Movement for Mother Earth».

Author: Catholic Church. National Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bishops' Committee on the Permanent Diaconate
Publisher: USCCB Publishing
ISBN: 9781574553680
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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The national directory addresses the dimensions and perspectives in the formation of deacons and the model standards for the formation, ministry, and life of deacons in the United States. It is intended as a guideline for formation, ministry, and life of permanent deacons and a directive to be utilized when preparing or updating a diaconate program in formulating policies for the ministry and life of deacons. This volume also includes Basic Standards for Readiness for the formation of permanent deacons in the United States, from the bishops' Committee on the Diaconate, and the committee document Visit of Consultation Teams to Diocesan Permanent Diaconate Formation Programs.

Author: Maristella Svampa
Publisher:
ISBN: 1108707122
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 73

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This Element analyses the political dynamics of neo-extractivism in Latin America. It discusses the critical concepts of neo-extractivism and the commodity consensus and the various phases of socio-environmental conflict, proposing an eco-territorial approach that uncovers the escalation of extractive violence. It also presents horizontal concepts and debates theories that explore the language of Latin American socio-environmental movements, such as Buen Vivir and Derechos de la Naturaleza. In concluding, it proposes an explanation for the end of the progressive era, analyzing its ambiguities and limitations in the dawn of a new political cycle marked by the strengthening of the political rights.

Author: Richard W. Schwarz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780816317950
Category : Seventh-Day Adventists
Languages : en
Pages : 688

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Author: Alberto Ortiz
Publisher: Universitat de València
ISBN: 8437089468
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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El diablo llegó a América protegido por el imaginario colectivo y el mito tradicional, pero los autores del discurso contra la magia y los propios colonizadores afirmaron que siempre había estado allí, fungiendo como señor de los naturales, proclamándose dios entre las supersticiones y las idolatrías. Así que fue necesario gestionar en la continuidad de los discursos que alertaban, aleccionaban y protegían contra un enemigo capaz de disfrazarse y adoptar formas rituales autóctonas; comenzó entonces una nueva etapa en la redacción de textos asimilados a la tradición del discurso demonológico. La atención se centró en la idolatría; el enfoque remozó su prejuicio diferenciador, y el formato recurrió al tratado, al informe, y la literatura. En el presente libro se analizan algunas muestras representativas de este proceso cultural acaecido en la época novohispana, pero detectable aún bajo las bases de nuestra idiosincrasia, a la luz de la teoría que Occidente había legado para comprender la presencia del mal y sus representantes en el mundo.