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Author: Kathleen Klaus Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9781108726467 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
Examining a key puzzle in the study of electoral violence, this study asks how elites organize violence and why ordinary citizens participate. While existing theories of electoral violence emphasize weak institutions, ethnic cleavages, and the strategic use of violence, few specify how the political incentives of elites interact with the interests of ordinary citizens. Providing a new theory of electoral violence, Kathleen F. Klaus analyzes violence as a process of mobilization that requires coordination between elites and ordinary citizens. Drawing on fifteen months of fieldwork in Kenya, including hundreds of interviews and an original survey, Political Violence in Kenya argues that where land shapes livelihood and identity, and tenure institutions are weak, land, and narratives around land, serve as a key device around which elites and citizens coordinate the use of violence. By examining local-level variation during Kenya's 2007-8 post-election violence, Klaus demonstrates how land struggles structure the dynamics of contentious politics and violence.
Author: Kathleen Klaus Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108802648 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
Examining a key puzzle in the study of electoral violence, this study asks how elites organize violence and why ordinary citizens participate. While existing theories of electoral violence emphasize weak institutions, ethnic cleavages, and the strategic use of violence, few specify how the political incentives of elites interact with the interests of ordinary citizens. Providing a new theory of electoral violence, Kathleen F. Klaus analyzes violence as a process of mobilization that requires coordination between elites and ordinary citizens. Drawing on fifteen months of fieldwork in Kenya, including hundreds of interviews and an original survey, Political Violence in Kenya argues that where land shapes livelihood and identity, and tenure institutions are weak, land, and narratives around land, serve as a key device around which elites and citizens coordinate the use of violence. By examining local-level variation during Kenya's 2007–8 post-election violence, Klaus demonstrates how land struggles structure the dynamics of contentious politics and violence.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Kenya: Post-election Political Violence" (ISBN: 1-870798-94-5) is a report that was written by Edge Kanyongolo and Jon Lunn and edited by Richard Carver and Njonjo Mue. Article 19, a United Kingdom organization that promotes freedom of expression worldwide, originally published the report in December 1998 and presents the online version. The authors highlight the ethnic clashes that broke out in Kenya following the December 1997 general elections and note the importance of land reform, impartiality of the judicial process, and an improvement in ethnic relations as a means to prevent political violence in the country.
Author: Kimani Njogu Publisher: African Books Collective ISBN: 9966028145 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
The narratives collected by Twaweza Communications in this volume tell yet another side of the story about the violence that engulfed Kenya towards the end of 2007 and the beginning of 2008. The narratives are part of a Daraja Initiative involving media monitoring, reflections and documentation of the traumatic post-election violence period often associated with the contested presidential results of 2007. The goal of the project is to contribute to the protection of constitutional rights of all Kenyans and to the development of a just and democratic country. Because violent conflicts constitute ruptures and continuities and are often preceded by tensions over the uncomfortable co-existence of political, economic, social and cultural systems and relations of power as well as what is perceived as valuable, mobilisation for violence is driven by narratives of the legality and correctness of action such that notions of history, justice and memory are functions of narrative construction, power and authority. Narratives of violent conflict, such as happened in Kenya, are not absolute: they are contested, contradictory and incomplete. But they must be told so that the multiple voices from the citizens are heard.
Author: Sosteness Francis Materu Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9462650411 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Since the historic Nuremberg Trial of 1945 an international customary law principle has developed that commission of a core crime under international law – war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity and aggression – should not go unpunished. History shows, that when in Africa such violations occurred, especially as a result of election disputes, national and regional actors, including the African Union, resorted to political rather than legal responses. However, when crimes against humanity were alleged to have been committed in Kenya during the 2007-2008 post-election violence, a promising road map for criminal accountability was agreed upon alongside a political solution. In the spirit of this road map, the author analyzes the post-election violence in Kenya from a legal point of view. He extensively examines legal options for domestic criminal accountability and discusses both retributive (prosecutions) and restorative justice (mainly truth commission) mechanisms, being the main legal responses to the gross violations of human rights. Furthermore, he thoroughly investigates the Kenya situation before the ICC and the legal-cum-political responses to the ICC intervention in Kenya. Practitioners and academics in the field of international criminal law and related disciplines, as well as political sciences and (legal) history will find in this book highly relevant information about alternative legal approaches of the fight against and punishment of crimes against humanity, as defined under the ICC Statute.
Author: Fouere, Marie-Aude Publisher: Twaweza Communications ISBN: 996602851X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
During the run-up to Kenya's 2013 general elections, crucial political and civic questions were raised. Could past mistakes, especially political and ethnic-related violence, be avoided this time round? Would the spectre of the 2007 post-electoral violence positively or negatively affect debates and voting? How would politicians, electoral bodies such as the IEBC, the Kenyan civil society, and the international community weigh in on the elections? More generally, would the 2013 elections bear witness to the building up of an electoral culture in Kenya, characterized by free and fair elections, or would it show that voting is still weakened by political malpractices, partisan opinions and emotional reactions? Would Kenya's past be inescapable or would it prepare the scene for a new political order? Kenyaís Past as Prologue adopts a multidisciplinary perspective ñ mainly built upon field-based ethnography and a selection of case studies ñ to answer these questions. Under the leadership of the French Institute for Research in Africa (Institut francais de recherche en Afrique, IFRA), political scientists, historians and anthropologists explore various aspects of the electoral process to contribute in-depth analyses of the last elections. They highlight the structural factors underlying election and voting in Kenya including the political system, culture and political transition. They also interrogate the short-term trends and issues that influence the new political order. The book provides insight into specific case studies, situations and contexts, thus bringing nuances and diversity into focus to better assess Kenya's evolving electoral democracy.
Author: Neela Ghoshal Publisher: ISBN: 9781564328366 Category : Elections Languages : en Pages : 95
Book Description
Four years after the onset of Kenya's 2007-2008 post-election violence, the government has done little to ensure justice for victims. It has failed to ensure the prosecution of perpetrators in all but a handful of the 1,133 or more killings committed during the violence, which pitted ruling party supporters and the police against armed groups linked with the opposition. Victims of rape, assault, arson, and other crimes similarly await justice. The International Criminal Court has opened cases against six high-profile suspects, but hundreds of other perpetrators of serious crimes continue to evade accountability. This report documents the difficulties faced by election violence victims in obtaining access to justice in Kenya. It identifies the principal weaknesses within the criminal justice system that have contributed to the paltry number of convictions, including police officers' unwillingness to investigate and prosecute their colleagues; the generally poor quality of investigations; weaknesses within the police prosecution system; political influence and corruption that subverts the judicial process; and the absence of an operative witness protection system. Human Rights Watch calls on the government of Kenya to establish a special judicial mechanism within the Kenyan justice system to investigate and prosecute the most serious election-related crimes. The government should also urgently fund the Witness Protection Agency and fast-track reforms to improve the quality and the independence of policing and prosecutions. Providing redress for victims of post-election violence is a requirement, not an option. Nearly four years after the violence, victims have been waiting for justice for far too long.
Author: Kathleen Klaus
Author: Kathleen Klaus
Author: Kathleen Klaus
Author: Fidelis Edge Kanyongolo
Author: Godwin R. Murunga
Author: Kathleen Klaus
Author: 
Author: Kimani Njogu
Author: Sosteness Francis Materu
Author: Fouere, Marie-Aude
Author: Neela Ghoshal