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Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030904992X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
In the nineteenth century some scientists argued that women should not be educated because thinking would use energy needed by the uterus for reproduction. The proof? Educated women had a lower birth rate. Today's researchers can only shake their heads at such reasoning. Yet professional journals and the popular press are increasingly criticizing medical research for ignoring women's health issues. Women and Health Research examines the facts behind the public's perceptions about women participating as subjects in medical research. With the goal of increasing researchers' awareness of this important topic, the book explores issues related to maintaining justice (in its ethical sense) in clinical studies. Leading experts present general principles for the ethical conduct of research on womenâ€"principles that are especially important in the light of recent changes in federal policy on the inclusion of women in clinical research. Women and Health Research documents the historical shift from a paternalistic approach by researchers toward women and a disproportionate reliance on certain groups for research to one that emphasizes proper access for women as subjects in clinical studies in order to ensure that women receive the benefits of research. The book addresses present-day challenges to equity in four areas: Scientificâ€"Do practical aspects of scientific research work at cross-purposes to gender equity? Focusing on drug trials, the authors identify rationales for excluding people from research based on demographics. Social and Ethicalâ€"The authors offer compelling discussions on subjectivity in science, the evidence for male bias, and issues related to race and ethnicity, as well as the recruitment, retention, and protection of research participants. Legalâ€"Women and Health Research reviews federal research policies that affect the inclusion of women and evaluates the basis for researchers' fears about liability, citing court cases. Riskâ€"The authors focus on risks to reproduction and offspring in clinical drug trials, exploring how risks can be identified for study participants, who should make the assessment of risk and benefit for participation in a clinical study, and how legal implications could be addressed. This landmark study will be of immediate use to the research community, policymakers, women's health advocates, attorneys, and individuals.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030904992X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
In the nineteenth century some scientists argued that women should not be educated because thinking would use energy needed by the uterus for reproduction. The proof? Educated women had a lower birth rate. Today's researchers can only shake their heads at such reasoning. Yet professional journals and the popular press are increasingly criticizing medical research for ignoring women's health issues. Women and Health Research examines the facts behind the public's perceptions about women participating as subjects in medical research. With the goal of increasing researchers' awareness of this important topic, the book explores issues related to maintaining justice (in its ethical sense) in clinical studies. Leading experts present general principles for the ethical conduct of research on womenâ€"principles that are especially important in the light of recent changes in federal policy on the inclusion of women in clinical research. Women and Health Research documents the historical shift from a paternalistic approach by researchers toward women and a disproportionate reliance on certain groups for research to one that emphasizes proper access for women as subjects in clinical studies in order to ensure that women receive the benefits of research. The book addresses present-day challenges to equity in four areas: Scientificâ€"Do practical aspects of scientific research work at cross-purposes to gender equity? Focusing on drug trials, the authors identify rationales for excluding people from research based on demographics. Social and Ethicalâ€"The authors offer compelling discussions on subjectivity in science, the evidence for male bias, and issues related to race and ethnicity, as well as the recruitment, retention, and protection of research participants. Legalâ€"Women and Health Research reviews federal research policies that affect the inclusion of women and evaluates the basis for researchers' fears about liability, citing court cases. Riskâ€"The authors focus on risks to reproduction and offspring in clinical drug trials, exploring how risks can be identified for study participants, who should make the assessment of risk and benefit for participation in a clinical study, and how legal implications could be addressed. This landmark study will be of immediate use to the research community, policymakers, women's health advocates, attorneys, and individuals.
Author: Frank Vandenbroucke Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364259476X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Can the need for incentives justify inequality? Starting from this question, Frank Vandenbroucke examines a conception of justice in which both equality and responsibility are involved. In the first part of the inquiry, which explores the implementation of that conception of justice, the justification of incentives assumes that agents make personal choices based only upon their own interests. The second part of the book challenges the idea that a normative conception of distributive justice can be based on that traditional assumption, i.e. that personal choices are not the subject matter of justice. Thus, Vandenbroucke questions the Rawlsian idea that the primary subject of a theory of justice is the basic structure of society, and not the individual conduct of its citizens. For a society to be really just, the ethos of individual conduct has to serve justice. Non-mathematical readers can skip the formal model proposed in Chapter 3 and understand the rest of the book.
Author: John RAWLS Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674042603 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 624
Book Description
Though the revised edition of A Theory of Justice, published in 1999, is the definitive statement of Rawls's view, so much of the extensive literature on Rawls's theory refers to the first edition. This reissue makes the first edition once again available for scholars and serious students of Rawls's work.
Author: American Nurses Association Publisher: Nursesbooks.org ISBN: 1558101764 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
Pamphlet is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of individuals who enter the nursing profession, the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard, and an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. Provides a framework for nurses to use in ethical analysis and decision-making.
Author: Albert R. Jonsen Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
Clinical Ethics introduces the four-topics method of approaching ethical problems (i.e., medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features). Each of the four chapters represents one of the topics. In each chapter, the authors discuss cases and provide comments and recommendations. The four-topics method is an organizational process by which clinicians can begin to understand the complexities involved in ethical cases and can proceed to find a solution for each case.
Author: William H. Simon Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674043669 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Should a lawyer keep a client's secret even when disclosure would exculpate a person wrongly accused of crime? The Practice of Justice is a fresh look at this and other traditional questions about the ethics of lawyering.
Author: Tazim Jamal Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351669710 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
This is the first book to look at justice and ethics in tourism in one volume, bringing theoretical perspectives into conversation with tourism, development and the environment. The book explores some key ethical perspectives and approaches to justice, including building capabilities, distributive justice, recognition, representation, and democracy. Human rights, integral in the context of tourism, are discussed throughout. Space is also given to structurally embedded injustices (including those related to historical racism and colonialism), responsibility toward justice, justice within and beyond borders, and justice in the context of sustainability, governance, policy, and planning. A variety of international case studies contributed by researchers and experts from around the globe illustrate these concepts and facilitate understanding and practical application. Comprehensive and accessible, this is essential reading for students and researchers in tourism studies and will be of interest to students of geography, development studies, business and hospitality management, cultural studies, anthropology, sociology, urban planning, heritage conservation, international relations and environmental studies. The range of insights offered make this valuable reading for planners, policymakers, business managers and civil society organizations as well.
Author: United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research Publisher: ISBN: Category : Ethics, Medical Languages : en Pages : 614
Author: Cyndi Banks Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1506326064 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 654
Book Description
Criminal Justice Ethics, Fourth Edition examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. Bestselling author Cyndi Banks draws readers into a unique discussion of ethical issues by exploring moral dilemmas faced by professionals in the criminal justice system before examining the major theoretical foundations of ethics. This distinct organization allows readers to understand real life ethical issues before grappling with philosophical approaches to the resolution of those issues.
Author: Cliff Roberson Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420086723 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Increasing concerns about the accountability of criminal justice professionals at all levels has placed a heightened focus on the behavior of those who work in the system. Judges, attorneys, police, and prison employees are all under increased scrutiny from the public and the media. Ethics for Criminal Justice Professionals examines the myriad of e
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Frank Vandenbroucke
Author: John RAWLS
Author: American Nurses Association
Author: Albert R. Jonsen
Author: William H. Simon
Author: Tazim Jamal
Author: United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Author: Cyndi Banks
Author: Cliff Roberson