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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Recent disasters have demonstrated the importance of mitigating their potential impact to not only protect human lives, but to also reduce the seemingly unending cycle of repeated damages. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires state, local, and tribal governments to have FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plans in order to qualify for certain types of Federal funding. However, even with these mandates in place, there a number of local governments that have yet to adopt a FEMA approved multi-hazard mitigation plan. Although multi-hazard mitigation plans seem rational for reducing the impact of hazards, efforts to prepare plans and implement mitigation-related activities are oftentimes met with resistance at the local jurisdictional level. The purpose of this qualitative study is to inductively examine the social, financial, and political conditions and forces that contribute to the decision to adopt or not adopt n hazard mitigation plan in the Red River Valley.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 64
Book Description
Recent disasters have demonstrated the importance of mitigating their potential impact to not only protect human lives, but to also reduce the seemingly unending cycle of repeated damages. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires state, local, and tribal governments to have FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plans in order to qualify for certain types of Federal funding. However, even with these mandates in place, there a number of local governments that have yet to adopt a FEMA approved multi-hazard mitigation plan. Although multi-hazard mitigation plans seem rational for reducing the impact of hazards, efforts to prepare plans and implement mitigation-related activities are oftentimes met with resistance at the local jurisdictional level. The purpose of this qualitative study is to inductively examine the social, financial, and political conditions and forces that contribute to the decision to adopt or not adopt n hazard mitigation plan in the Red River Valley.
Author: Apassanun Silapapiphat Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
After the establishment of the Disaster Mitigation Act (DMA) of 2000, LHMPs have become increasingly common. Local hazard mitigation plan (LHMP) quality has been investigated in many studies, but gaps in research still exist. The empirical information describing local factors and LHMP quality is limited even though local factors have an enormous role in hazard mitigation. Few studies compare the variation of LHMP quality, especially in low-risk disaster areas. This current study extends the understanding of local hazard mitigation plan by investigating LHMP quality and exploring what local factors influence LHMP quality in Ohio. The purposes of the study are 1) to conduct a systematic assessment of LHMP quality across local jurisdictions, and 2) to explore what local factors are associated with and contribute to LHMP quality. Preliminary analysis, in respect to plan quality, has proven that a significant difference of LHMP quality exists in term of the extent to which plans are used. The findings echo previous research on high risk areas and suggest that significant room for improvement exists. In addition, Key LHMP principles have different individual scores. Policy, fact base, inter-organizational coordination, and monitoring principles should be more thoroughly discussed in future LHMPs. LHMP quality also significantly differs among regions. The study suggests that region's high LHMP quality may be connected to socioeconomic levels and population size. Equal distribution of assistance for hazard mitigation planning should be addressed. The study reveals two factors have significant impact on LHMP quality: 1) planning capacity in hazard mitigation planning, and 2) contextual characteristics composed of major disaster experiences, hazard loss, local hazard mitigation projects, and vulnerability areas. Variation of specialization in LHMP should be addressed to establish effective LHMP committee. In order to monitor and update LHMPs productively, LHMP committee meetings should occur more frequently rather than to be in compliance with FEMA's requirement. In addition, exchanging experiences of hazards and their mitigation between counties are significance for pre-disaster mitigation in different situational contexts. The study expects to encourage local communities collaboratively design effective hazard mitigation plans and benefit from high plan qualities.
Author: Peter H. Rossi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 148326551X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
Natural Hazards and Public Choice: The State and Local Politics of Hazard Mitigation presents a research project that emerged from a concern for estimating the balance of support versus opposition to prospective social policies that aim to reduce the risks of damage or injuries from major natural hazard events via the regulation of land use and establishment of building and occupancy standards in high-risk areas. The volume begins with an overview of the research project and the main findings. Separate chapters describe the study design; assess the views of politically influential people regarding the seriousness of natural hazards; measure the support for federal disaster policies; and consider public opinion on hazards-mitigation issues in California. Subsequent chapters cover the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP); patterns of activity, influence, and power among key positions and groups in local communities with respect to issues involving disasters; and hazard mitigation activities at the state level.
Author: Kathleen Tierney Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1509535691 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Disasters kill, maim, and generate increasingly large economic losses. But they do not wreak their damage equally across populations, and every disaster has social dimensions at its very core. This important book sheds light on the social conditions and on the global, national, and local processes that produce disasters. Topics covered include the social roots of disaster vulnerability, exposure to natural hazards such as hurricanes and tsunamis as a form of environmental injustice, and emerging threats. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book provides the necessary frameworks for understanding hazards and disasters, exploring the contributions of very different social science fields to disaster research and showing how these ideas have evolved over time. Bringing the social aspects of recent devastating disasters to the forefront, Tierney discusses the challenges of conducting research in the aftermath of disasters and critiques the concept of disaster resilience, which has come to be seen as a key to disaster risk reduction. Peppered with case studies, research examples, and insights from very different disciplines, this rich introduction is an invaluable resource to students and scholars interested in the social nature of disasters and their relation to broader social forces.
Author: Federal Emergency Management Agency Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub ISBN: 9781482339888 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program is a powerful resource in the combined effort by Federal, State, and local government, as well as private industry and homeowners, to end the cycle of repetitive disaster damage. The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act was passed on November 23, 1988, amending Public Law 93-288, the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. The Stafford Act included Section 404, which established the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. In 1993, the Hazard Mitigation and Relocation Act amended Section 404 to increase the amount of HMGP funds available and the cost-share to 75 percent Federal. This amendment also encouraged the use of property acquisition and other non-structural flood mitigation measures. In an effort to streamline HMGP delivery, FEMA encourages States to develop their mitigation programs before disaster strikes. States are adopting a more active HMGP management role. Increased capabilities may include: Conducting comprehensive all-hazard mitigation planning prior to disaster events; Providing applicants technical assistance on sound mitigation techniques and hazard mitigation policy and procedures; Coordinating mitigation programs through interagency teams or councils. Conducting benefit-cost analyses; and Preparing National Environmental Policy Act reviews for FEMA approval. States that integrate the HMGP with their frequently updated State Administrative and Hazard Mitigation Plans will create cohesive and effective approaches to loss reduction. This type of coordinated approach minimizes the distinction between “predisaster” and “post-disaster” time periods, and instead produces an ongoing mitigation effort. Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects. A key purpose of the HMGP is to ensure that the opportunity to take critical mitigation measures to protect life and property from future disasters is not lost during the recovery and reconstruction process following a disaster. Program grant funds available under Section 404 of the Stafford Act provide States with the incentive and capability to implement mitigation measures that previously may have been infeasible. The purpose of this Desk Reference is to: Provide comprehensive information about FEMA's Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP); Increase awareness of the HMGP as an integral part of statewide hazard mitigation efforts; and Encourage deeper commitments and increased responsibilities on the part of all States and communities to reduce damage and losses from natural disasters. This Desk Reference is organized to simplify program information and assist the reader with practical guidance for successful participation in the program. Lists of program-related acronyms and definitions are included, along with appendices that amplify selected aspects of the HMGP. This Desk Reference is organized into 14 sections, each of which presents a major HMGP subject area. In each section, information is presented on the right side of the page. In several sections, job aids containing supplemental material are provided. The job aids for each section can be found at the end of the section. At the front of each section, there is a detailed table of contents to help you locate specific information.
Author: Kay C. Goss Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 078814829X Category : Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
Meant to aid State & local emergency managers in their efforts to develop & maintain a viable all-hazard emergency operations plan. This guide clarifies the preparedness, response, & short-term recovery planning elements that warrant inclusion in emergency operations plans. It offers the best judgment & recommendations on how to deal with the entire planning process -- from forming a planning team to writing the plan. Specific topics of discussion include: preliminary considerations, the planning process, emergency operations plan format, basic plan content, functional annex content, hazard-unique planning, & linking Federal & State operations.
Author: United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency Publisher: ISBN: Category : Emergency management Languages : en Pages : 75
Book Description
Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101 provides guidelines on developing emergency operations plans (EOP). It promotes a common understanding of the fundamentals of risk-informed planning and decision making to help planners examine a hazard or threat and produce integrated, coordinated, and synchronized plans. The goal of CPG 101 is to make the planning process routine across all phases of emergency management and for all homeland security mission areas. This Guide helps planners at all levels of government in their efforts to develop and maintain viable all-hazards, all-threats EOPs. Accomplished properly, planning provides a methodical way to engage the whole community in thinking through the life cycle of a potential crisis, determining required capabilities, and establishing a framework for roles and responsibilities. It shapes how a community envisions and shares a desired outcome, selects effective ways to achieve it, and communicates expected results. Each jurisdiction's plans must reflect what that community will do to address its specific risks with the unique resources it has or can obtain.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045460 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 85
Book Description
Initial priorities for U.S. participation in the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, declared by the United Nations, are contained in this volume. It focuses on seven issues: hazard and risk assessment; awareness and education; mitigation; preparedness for emergency response; recovery and reconstruction; prediction and warning; learning from disasters; and U.S. participation internationally. The committee presents its philosophy of calls for broad public and private participation to reduce the toll of disasters.
Author: Douglas Paton Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0124096018 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 283
Book Description
More than 90% of wildfires are caused by human activity, but other causes include lighting, drought, wind and changing weather conditions, underground coal fires, and even volcanic activity. Wildfire Hazards, Risks, and Disasters, one of nine volumes in the Elsevier Hazards and Disasters series, provides a close and detailed examination of wildfires and measures for more thorough and accurate monitoring, prediction, preparedness, and prevention. It takes a geo-scientific and environmental approach to the topic while also discussing the impacts of human-induced causes such as deforestation, debris burning and arson—underscoring the multi-disciplinary nature of the topic. It presents several international case studies that discuss the historical, social, cultural and ecological aspects of wildfire risk management in countries with a long history of dealing with this hazard (e.g., USA, Australia) and in countries (e.g., Taiwan) where wildfire hazards represent a new and growing threat to the social and ecological landscape. - Puts the contributions of environmental scientists, social scientists, climatologists, and geoscientists at your fingertips - Arms you with the latest research on causality, social and societal impacts, economic impacts, and the multi-dimensional nature of wildfire mitigation, preparedness, and recovery - Features a broad range of tables, figures, diagrams, illustrations, and photographs to aid in the retention of key concepts - Discusses steps for prevention and mitigation of wildfires, one of the most expensive and complex geo-hazards in the world.
Author: Himanshu Grover Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN: 0128095393 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
Case Studies in Disaster Mitigation and Prevention: Disaster and Emergency Management: Case Studies in Adaptation and Innovation series presents cases illustrating efforts to reduce human and material losses associated with disasters. This volume demonstrates that mitigation is an ongoing phase in which communities continually pursue long-term hazard resistance and reduction. Cases illustrate the importance of risk assessment in the development of mitigation strategies through hazard mapping and multi-hazard mitigation planning. Cases also illustrate approaches to reduction risk through structural and non-structural means, giving consideration to benefits or limitations of these strategies in different contexts. The contributions of different mitigation activities to disaster risk reduction efforts are examined using the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. - Presents in-depth cases studies in disaster mitigation, one of the phases of disaster management - Unites practice and research from multiple disciplines to highlight the complexity of disaster mitigation, including environmental and earth sciences, engineering, public health, geography, sociology, and anthropology - Examines policy and ethical dilemmas faced by decision makers in disaster situations
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Author: 
Author: Apassanun Silapapiphat
Author: Peter H. Rossi
Author: Kathleen Tierney
Author: Federal Emergency Management Agency
Author: Kay C. Goss
Author: United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency
Author: National Research Council
Author: Douglas Paton
Author: Himanshu Grover