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Author: Kenneth R. Foster Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262561204 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Attempting to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability. What is scientific knowledge and when is it reliable? These deceptively simple questions have been the source of endless controversy. In 1993, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the use of scientific evidence in federal courts. Federal judges may admit expert scientific evidence only if it merits the label scientific knowledge. The testimony must be scientifically reliable and valid. This book is organized around the criteria set out in the 1993 ruling. Following a general overview, the authors look at issues of fit--whether a plausible theory relates specific facts to the larger factual issues in contention; philosophical concepts such as the falsifiability of scientific claims; scientific error; reliability in science, particularly in fields such as epidemiology and toxicology; the meaning of scientific validity; peer review and the problem of boundary setting; and the risks of confusion and prejudice when presenting science to a jury. The book's conclusion attempts to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability that emerge from science and other disciplines.
Author: Kenneth R. Foster Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 9780262561204 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Attempting to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability. What is scientific knowledge and when is it reliable? These deceptively simple questions have been the source of endless controversy. In 1993, the Supreme Court handed down a landmark ruling on the use of scientific evidence in federal courts. Federal judges may admit expert scientific evidence only if it merits the label scientific knowledge. The testimony must be scientifically reliable and valid. This book is organized around the criteria set out in the 1993 ruling. Following a general overview, the authors look at issues of fit--whether a plausible theory relates specific facts to the larger factual issues in contention; philosophical concepts such as the falsifiability of scientific claims; scientific error; reliability in science, particularly in fields such as epidemiology and toxicology; the meaning of scientific validity; peer review and the problem of boundary setting; and the risks of confusion and prejudice when presenting science to a jury. The book's conclusion attempts to reconcile the law's need for workable rules of evidence with the views of scientific validity and reliability that emerge from science and other disciplines.
Author: James L. Gibson Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation ISBN: 161044907X Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 379
Book Description
Social scientists have convincingly documented soaring levels of political, legal, economic, and social inequality in the United States. Missing from this picture of rampant inequality, however, is any attention to the significant role of state law and courts in establishing policies that either ameliorate or exacerbate inequality. In Judging Inequality, political scientists James L. Gibson and Michael J. Nelson demonstrate the influential role of the fifty state supreme courts in shaping the widespread inequalities that define America today, focusing on court-made public policy on issues ranging from educational equity and adequacy to LGBT rights to access to justice to worker’s rights. Drawing on an analysis of an original database of nearly 6,000 decisions made by over 900 judges on 50 state supreme courts over a quarter century, Judging Inequality documents two ways that state high courts have crafted policies relevant to inequality: through substantive policy decisions that fail to advance equality and by rulings favoring more privileged litigants (typically known as “upperdogs”). The authors discover that whether court-sanctioned policies lead to greater or lesser inequality depends on the ideologies of the justices serving on these high benches, the policy preferences of their constituents (the people of their state), and the institutional structures that determine who becomes a judge as well as who decides whether those individuals remain in office. Gibson and Nelson decisively reject the conventional theory that state supreme courts tend to protect underdog litigants from the wrath of majorities. Instead, the authors demonstrate that the ideological compositions of state supreme courts most often mirror the dominant political coalition in their state at a given point in time. As a result, state supreme courts are unlikely to stand as an independent force against the rise of inequality in the United States, instead making decisions compatible with the preferences of political elites already in power. At least at the state high court level, the myth of judicial independence truly is a myth. Judging Inequality offers a comprehensive examination of the powerful role that state supreme courts play in shaping public policies pertinent to inequality. This volume is a landmark contribution to scholarly work on the intersection of American jurisprudence and inequality, one that essentially rewrites the “conventional wisdom” on the role of courts in America’s democracy.
Author: Colin Wastell Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1529776155 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
Wastell & Howarth’s text clearly, accessibly and comprehensibly introduces the core theories of Thinking, leaving no stone unturned, students will receive an in-depth coverage of the theoretical side of this subject area before the authors delve into a more practical understanding of the topic.
Author: Adrian Vermeule Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 9780674022102 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
In this book, Adrian Vermeule shows that any approach to legal interpretation rests on institutional and empirical premises about the capacities of judges and the systemic effects of their rulings. He argues that legal interpretation is above all an exercise in decisionmaking under severe empirical uncertainty.
Author: Publisher: NSTA Press ISBN: 0873552199 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 113
Book Description
A guide to running a successful science fair that contains nineteen NSTA member journal articles in which teachers share their experiences and tips for planning a fair for grades K through eight.
Author: Virginia A. Hettinger Publisher: University of Virginia Press ISBN: 9780813926971 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 172
Book Description
Focusing on the behavioral aspects of disagreement within a panel and between the levels of the federal judicial hierarchy, the authors reveal the impact of individual attitudes or preferences on judicial decision-making, and hence on political divisions in the broader society.
Author: Julianne Blair Bochinski Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471694151 Category : Juvenile Nonfiction Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Your personal coach and game plan for creating a unique andaward-winning science fair project Developing a science fair project from the ground up can be adaunting task--and today's science fairs are more competitive thanever before. The Complete Workbook for Science Fair Projects takesyou step by step through the entire process of brainstorming,finding, completing, and submitting an award-winning science fairproject of your very own. The special features of this easy-to-use, interactive workbookinclude:Complete instructions and fun, meaningful exercises to helpyou develop a science fair project idea from scratchExpert adviceon choosing and researching a topic, finding a mentor, conductingan experiment, analyzing your findings, putting together a winningdisplay, and much moreInspiring stories of real projects that showhow students solved particular problems This ingenious guide also helps you prepare to deliver a top-notchoral presentation and answer questions from science fair judges.Plus, you'll find sample project journal worksheets, a handy listof scientific supply companies, and lots of space to record yourthoughts and ideas as you work on your project. Today's exciting world of science fairs and contests offers manygreat opportunities. With The Complete Workbook for Science FairProjects, you'll learn to think like a scientist and create a moreeffective, impressive science fair project--opening the door for anamazing science journey!
Author: Kenneth R. Foster
Author: Kenneth R. Foster
Author: Edwin Morrell
Author: Katherine Melvina Huntsinger Blackford
Author: James L. Gibson
Author: Colin Wastell
Author: Adrian Vermeule
Author: Anthony D. Fredericks
Author: 
Author: Virginia A. Hettinger
Author: Julianne Blair Bochinski