Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Banks and banking
Languages : en
Pages : 878
Book Description
The Commercial & Financial Chronicle ...
Author: The Commercial and Financial Chronicle
Author: Communal Labor in Colonial Kenya
Author: O. OkiaPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230392962
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
This book advances research into the government-forced labor used widely in colonial Kenya from 1930 to 1963 after the passage of the International Labor Organization’s Forced Labour Convention. While the 1930 Convention intended to mark the suppression of forced labor practices, various exemptions meant that many coercive labor practices continued in colonial territories. Focusing on East Africa and the Kenya Colony, this book shows how the colonial administration was able to exploit the exemption clause for communal labor, thus ensuring the mobilization of African labor for infrastructure development. As an exemption, communal labor was not defined as forced labor but instead justified as a continuation of traditional African and community labor practices. Despite this ideological justification, the book shows that communal labour was indeed an intensification of coercive labor practices and one that penalized Africans for non-compliance with fines or imprisonment. The use of forced labor before and after the passage of the Convention is examined, with a focus on its use during World War II as well as in efforts to combat soil erosion in the rural African reserve areas in Kenya. The exploitation of female labor, the Mau Mau war of the 1950s, civilian protests, and the regeneration of communal labor as harambee after independence are also discussed.
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineer's Monthly Journal
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Locomotive engineers
Languages : en
Pages : 1206
Book Description
Ordained Ministry in Free Church Perspective
Author: Jan Martijn AbrahamsePublisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004440720
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 452
Book Description
In Ordained Ministry in Free Church Perspective Jan Martijn Abrahamse offers a methodologically innovative way to understand ordained ministry in terms of covenantal theology by returning to the life and thought of the English Separatist Robert Browne (c. 1550-1633).
The Centennial Record of the University of California
Author: Verne A. StadtmanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : California
Languages : en
Pages : 608
Book Description
Summary Discharge Or Mustering Out of Regiments Or Companies: Message from the President, Jan. 14, 1907. Letters of the Secretary of War, Jan. 12 and 14, 1907. Statement of the Secretary of War and additional testimony taken by Hon. Milton D. Purdy ... and Maj. Augustus P. Blocksom
Author: [Royer Family]
![[Royer Family] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/LjezzgEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: John F RoyerPublisher: Hassell Street Press
ISBN: 9781014069689
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Book Description
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Art in America
Author: Frank Jewett MatherPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
We Are Fighting the World
Author: Gary KynochPublisher: Ohio University Press
ISBN: 0821441566
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
Since the late 1940s, a violent African criminal society known as the Marashea has operated in and around South Africa’s gold mining areas. With thousands of members involved in drug smuggling, extortion, and kidnapping, the Marashea was more influential in the day-to-day lives of many black South Africans under apartheid than were agents of the state. These gangs remain active in South Africa. In We Are Fighting the World: A History of the Marashea Gangs in South Africa, 1947–1999, Gary Kynoch points to the combination of coercive force and administrative weakness that characterized the apartheid state. As long as crime and violence were contained within black townships and did not threaten adjacent white areas, township residents were largely left to fend for themselves. The Marashea’s ability to prosper during the apartheid era and its involvement in political conflict led directly to the violent crime epidemic that today plagues South Africa. Highly readable and solidly researched, We Are Fighting the World is critical to an understanding of South African society, past and present. This pioneering study challenges previous social history research on resistance, ethnicity, urban spaces, and gender in South Africa. Kynoch’s interviews with many current and former gang members give We Are Fighting the World an energy and a realism that are unparalleled in any other published work on gang violence in southern Africa.