Zikir Sumim PDF Download

Author: Stol
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004664955
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 518

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Author: Peter M. M. G. Akkermans
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521796668
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 490

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Book Description
This was the first book to present a comprehensive review of the archaeology of Syria from the end of the Paleolithic period to 300 BC. Syria has become a prime focus of field archaeology in the Middle East in the past thirty years, and Peter Akkermans and Glenn Schwartz discuss the results of this intensive fieldwork, integrating them with earlier research. Alongside the major material culture types of each period, they examine important contributions of Syrian archaeology to issues like the onset of agriculture, the emergence of private property and social inequality, the rise and collapse of urban life, and the archaeology of early empires. All competing interpretations are set out and considered, alongside the authors' own perspectives and conclusions.

Author: Donald M. Matthews
Publisher: Saint-Paul
ISBN: 9783525538968
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Book Description
This book is the most comprehensive treatment of the art of Syria in the third millennium B.C. It is a catalogue of nearly 600 seals from Tell Brak, combined with a general study of the comparative material. It is both a basic word of reference and a new synthesis of the Syrian Early Bronze Age. relate to taxation during the New Kingdom.

Author: Claire L. Lyons
Publisher: Getty Publications
ISBN: 9780892366354
Category : Archaeology and history
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
The Archaeology of Colonialism demonstrates how artifacts are not only the residue of social interaction but also instrumental in shaping identities and communities. Claire Lyons and John Papadopoulos summarize the complex issues addressed by this collection of essays. Four case studies illustrate the use of archaeological artifacts to reconstruct social structures. They include ceramic objects from Mesopotamian colonists in fourth-millennium Anatolia; the Greek influence on early Iberian sculpture and language; the influence of architecture on the West African coast; and settlements across Punic Sardinia that indicate the blending of cultures. The remaining essays look at the roles myth, ritual, and religion played in forming colonial identities. In particular, they discuss the cultural middle ground established among Greeks and Etruscans; clothing as an instrument of European colonialism in nineteenth-century Oceania; sixteenth-century Andean urban planning and kinship relations; and the Dutch East India Company settlement at the Cape of Good Hope.

Author: Kent Flannery
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674064976
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 646

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Flannery and Marcus demonstrate that the rise of inequality was not simply the result of population increase, food surplus, or the accumulation of valuables but resulted from conscious manipulation of the unique social logic that lies at the core of every human group. Reversing the social logic can reverse inequality, they argue, without violence.

Author: Gil J. Stein
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816550530
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224

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Book Description
The use of world-systems theory to explain the spread of social complexity has become accepted practice by both historians and archaeologists. Gil Stein now offers the first rigorous test of world systems as a model in archaeology, arguing that the application of world-systems theory to noncapitalist, pre-fifteenth-century societies distorts our understanding of developmental change by overemphasizing the role of external over internal dynamics. In this new study, Stein proposes two complementary theoretical frameworks for the study of interregional interaction: a "distance-parity" model, which views world-systems as simply one factor in a broader range of intersocietal relations, and a "trade-diaspora" model, which explains variation in exchange systems from the perspective of participant groups. He tests his models against the archaeological record of Mesopotamian expansion into the Anatolian highlands during the fourth millennium B.C. Whereas some scholars have considered this "Uruk expansion" to be one of the earliest documented world-systems, Stein uses data from the site of Hacinebi in southeastern Turkey to support his alternate perspective. Comparing economic data from pre- and postcontact phases, Stein shows that the Mesopotamians did not dominate the people of this distant periphery. Such evidence, argues Stein, shows that we must look more closely at the local cultures of peripheries to develop realistic cross-cultural models of variation in colonialism, exchange, and secondary state formation in ancient societies. By demonstrating that a multitude of factors affect the nature and consequences of intersocietal contacts, his book advocates a much-needed balance between recognizing that no society can be understood in complete isolation from its neighbors and assuming the primacy of outside contact in a society's development.

Author: Harriet E. W. Crawford
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521388504
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Book Description
Reviews the social and technological developments in Mesopotamia, from 3800 to 2000 BC.

Author: P. A. J. Attema
Publisher: Barkhuis
ISBN: 9077922180
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 560

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Book Description
The annual journal Palaeohistoria is edited by the staff of the Groningen Institute of Archaeology, and carries detailed articles on material culture, analysis of radiocarbon data and the results of excavations, surveys and coring campaigns.

Author: Elizabeth C. Stone
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press
ISBN: 1938770978
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 513

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Book Description
This volume of essays dedicated to Robert McCormick Adams reflects both the breadth of his research and the select themes upon which he focused his attention. These essays written by his students and disciples focus on issues in Near Eastern archaeology but range as far afield as the Indus Valley and Mesoamerica. They are also concentrate on aspects of early complex society, but some refer back to the late Neolithic and others forward to Islamic times. The key foci of Adams' work are reflected in this collection: ecology, frontiers, urbanism, trade and technology are all explored. Yet in spite of the breadth of the scope of this volume, the various intellectual threads pioneered by Adams serve to tie the volume together. These include the use of multiple lines of evidence to attack problems, the use of a comparative approach - including the use of ethnographic analogy-as a means of understanding the development of early states, the importance of the continuum of settlement between city dwellers, farmers, marsh dwellers and pastoralists, and an overall appreciation of cultural ecology.

Author: Govert van Driel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789464261738
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
A study of the architecture and material culture of an almost completely excavated Uruk period temple and settlement in Northern Syria.