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Author: Barbara Janowitz Publisher: ISBN: 9780939704538 Category : Birth control Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Major issues related to the financing of family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa are addressed. The report is addressed to policy-makers and program managers in African government and donor agencies active in health and family planning fields, and is aimed to identify gaps in the information base that will need to facilitate policy and program change. A series of policy briefs highlighting key issues are presented. This document is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the extensive unmet need for family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa with literature review in financing, health care context and regional diversity. Chapter 2 illustrates the large and growing gap between the need of family planning services and the availability of donor and government funds in response to this need. Included in this chapter are family planning needs information, cost estimation, and existing government expenditures. Chapter 3 discusses the increase in service fees for users of public sector and nongovernmental organization outlets with an evaluation of system performance. Chapter 4 explains the strategy of encouraging greater use of commercial sector with emphasis on the commercial development sector involvement in family planning service delivery. Finally, chapter 5 examines the strategy of reducing the costs of family planning services which includes the mobilization of underutilized capacity, elimination of unnecessary medical barriers and the integration of family planning and other reproductive health services.
Author: Barbara Janowitz Publisher: ISBN: 9780939704538 Category : Birth control Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Major issues related to the financing of family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa are addressed. The report is addressed to policy-makers and program managers in African government and donor agencies active in health and family planning fields, and is aimed to identify gaps in the information base that will need to facilitate policy and program change. A series of policy briefs highlighting key issues are presented. This document is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 presents an overview of the extensive unmet need for family planning services in sub-Saharan Africa with literature review in financing, health care context and regional diversity. Chapter 2 illustrates the large and growing gap between the need of family planning services and the availability of donor and government funds in response to this need. Included in this chapter are family planning needs information, cost estimation, and existing government expenditures. Chapter 3 discusses the increase in service fees for users of public sector and nongovernmental organization outlets with an evaluation of system performance. Chapter 4 explains the strategy of encouraging greater use of commercial sector with emphasis on the commercial development sector involvement in family planning service delivery. Finally, chapter 5 examines the strategy of reducing the costs of family planning services which includes the mobilization of underutilized capacity, elimination of unnecessary medical barriers and the integration of family planning and other reproductive health services.
Author: Susan Scribner Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
World Bank Technical Paper No. 272. Public examinations in developing countries play a critical role in the selection of students for participation in the educational system. The exams dictate what is taught, how it is taught, and what is and is not learned. They are academic, have little reference to the everyday lives of the students, are limited to pencil-and-paper tests, and are biased toward high-achievers. Thus, students who leave school at an early stage are provided with inadequate opportunities for acquiring relevant knowledge and skills. This study identifies practices associated with examinations that may create inequities for some students. These include scoring procedures, the use of culturally inappropriate questions, fee requirements, private tutoring, exams in a language unfamiliar to the student, and a variety of malpractices. Quota systems that deal with differences in performance associated with location, ethnicity, or language group membership also creates inequities for some students. The report concludes that the limited available evidence does not indicate that examinations create inequities between genders and that ranking schools on the basis of students' examination performance may not provide a fair assessment of the work of schools.
Author: Barbara Janowitz
Author: Barbara Janowitz
Author: Regina McNamara
Author: Fred T. Sai
Author: 
Author: Gugulethu Gule
Author: James F. Phillips
Author: Kate Miller
Author: Pierre Pradervand
Author: Susan Scribner
Author: Green Kalada