Isokinetic Muscular Performance in Adolescents PDF Download

Author: Ping Chien
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Muscles
Languages : en
Pages : 10

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Author: Lee E. Brown
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736000055
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 480

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Table of Contents Contributors vii Preface ix Acknowledgments xi Credits xii Part I Foundations 1 Chapter 1 Test Interpretation 3 Chapter 2 Specificity of Training Modes 25 Chapter 3 Correlations With Athletic Performance 42 Part II Limitations 75 Chapter 4 Assessing Human Performance 77 Chapter 5 Load Range 97 Chapter 6 Three-Dimensional Mapping 122 Part III Functional Applications 147 Chapter 7 Testing and Training the Upper Extremity 149 Chapter 8 Testing and Training the Lower Extremity 171 Chapter 9 Multiple-Joint Performance Over a Velocity Spectrum 196 Chapter 10 Control of Voluntary Contraction Force 209 Chapter 11 Isokinetic Eccentric Muscle Actions 229 Chapter 12 Functional Lift Capacity 240 Chapter 13 Testing the Spine 258 Chapter 14 The Cardiovascular Effects of Isokinetic Resistance Exercise 277 Part IV Unique Populations 297 Chapter 15 Youth and Isokinetic Testing 299 Chapter 16 Aging and Isokinetic Strength 324 Chapter 17 Gender Differences in Isokinetic Strength 339 Chapter 18 Isokinetic Testing and Training in Tennis 358 Chapter 19 Assessment and Training in Baseball 378 Chapter 20 Assessment for Football: Soccer, Australian Rules, and American 407 Chapter 21 Simulated Space Flight 429 Epilogue 446 Index 447 About the Editor 457.

Author: Hollie Samantha Forbes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The primary aim of the current project was to investigate the isokinetic muscular strength and performance of elite male youth footballers, and the relationships with age, seasonal variation and injury. A secondary aim was to use the information gathered to target muscle strain injury prevention strategies to particular age groups and times, and evaluate the effect. The primary aim was achieved by establishing normative patterns for muscular strength and performance of elite male youth footballers (grouped according to chronological and biological age) across a competitive season of youth football in Chapters Four and Five. Isokinetic muscular strength (characterised by peak torque (PT) and peak torque relative to body weight (PTBW)) of the hamstrings (H) and quadriceps (Q) using both concentric (CQ, CH) and eccentric muscle actions (EH) was evaluated. Muscular performance of the same muscle groups (characterised by H:Q ratios (conventional (CHQ) functional (FHQ)), asymmetry (dominant (dom):non dominant (ndom) leg ratios (e.g. CQ:CQ)), and angle of peak torque (AoPT)) was also investigated which necessitated an isokinetic speed of 60 °/s. Isokinetic evaluation was completed three times over the course of a regular playing season (start of season (SS) mid season (MS) and end of season (ES)). Participants were grouped according to chronological age (n=152, under 12 (U12) - under 18 (U18)) and biological maturation (according to Pubertal Development Scale (PDS 1 - 5) n=134). Forty seven participants completed SS, MS and ES isokinetic evaluation. Bilateral isokinetic evaluation consisted of five maximal repetitions of CQ and CH, followed by five repetitions of EH, leg dominance was counter-balanced. Repetitions two-four were used to calculate PT, PTBW, dom:ndom and AoPT for CQ, CH and EH, CHQ and FHQ; these measures were compared across chronological and biological age groups using a mixed model ANOVA. Dom:ndom CQ, CH and EH were compared across chronological and biological age groups using a one way ANOVA, while the relationship between AoPT and PT/PTBW was considered using a Pearson's correlation. Additionally, the relationship between chronological and biological age, and PT/PTBW was investigated using a mixed model ANOVA within PDS group three. For analysis of seasonal variation a mixed model ANOVA was applied for all isokinetic measurements which considered time (SS, MS, ES), leg dominance (dom, ndom) and age group (U12 -U15) with a further mixed model ANOVA performed on CQ:CQ, CH:CH and EH:EH. Where appropriate SIDAK corrections were applied and the level of significance was accepted at p≤0.05. The main findings were that youth footballers did not increase their PT and PTBW EH in-line with CQ and CH as chronological and biological ageing progressed, this lead to a significant FHQ imbalance at U18. Dom:ndom CH comparisons identified that the chronologically younger and biologically less developed groups displayed a significantly stronger dom leg which may be explained through the concepts of skill acquisition and trainability. Biological age was not found to exert any additional effect over and above that of chronological ageing as significant differences in muscle strength still existed according to chronological age group within PDS group three. Additionally, AoPT EH and PT EH were found to be significantly negatively correlated on both legs which supported a potential mechanism for non contact hamstring muscle strain injury during running. Analysis of seasonal variation revealed that all PTBW measures showed a MS decrease. This may be related to breaks in normal training activity and links appropriately to times of peak injury incidence highlighted in youth football. In order to achieve the secondary aim of the current project Chapters Four, Five and Six investigated the relationship between isokinetic muscular strength and performance, muscle strain injury of the thigh, and injury risk attenuation. A retrospective and prospective injury audit was undertaken for the elite male youth football participants. For the retrospective approach participants were grouped according to chronological age (n=147) or biological age (n=128) and indicated using a self-report injury form their history (ever, (Hx)) or recent history (12 months, (Hx12)) of hamstring, quadriceps and adductor injuries. Approximately each player had an Hx of muscle strain injury and 0.56-0.59 of players had an Hx12. The hamstrings were the most commonly injured muscle group and the prevalence of muscle strain injury Hx and Hx12 increased with chronological and biological age. The prospective audit (n=50) identified that 0.16 of players sustained a muscle strain injury during the season, 0.08 of these being to the hamstrings. Between group comparisons (one way ANOVA with SIDAK correction) were also performed to investigate the difference in isokinetic measures between those participants who had an Hx12 of muscle strain injury and those who did not. It was discovered that for Hx12 of an injury to the dom hamstrings the injured group had less PTBW CH and EH on the dom leg. The injured group also had more inner range AoPT CH. These findings linked appropriately to the reported mechanisms and risk factors for hamstring injury but the exact direction of cause and effect could not be established. To this end a logistic regression analysis was undertaken in an attempt to predict which group (injured vs. non injured the 50 participants would belong to, using evidenced based risk factors in the experimental model. No predictive relationship between risk factors (including altered isokinetic muscular strength and performance) could be established. The information regarding the relationship between injury and muscular strength and performance may highlight a role for isokinetic screening to ensure adequate rehabilitation from injury. Injury risk attenuation strategies were investigated through an exercise intervention using the U18 age group following a break from football activity. The participants were split based on their FHQ at initial isokinetic evaluation (via odd and even placing) to form control (n=8) and intervention groups (n=8). Isokinetic evaluation was conducted as previously outlined and the exercise intervention targeted the hamstrings. Only six of the control group and seven of the intervention group completed the study and were compared using a mixed model ANOVA. Results showed that the intervention group were not significantly different to the control group post intervention for any of the isokinetic muscular strength and performance measures, though both groups significantly improved over time for the ndom leg CHQ and PTBW EH, and FHQ improved for both legs. Contamination of the control group may explain the lack of significant difference between groups. However, the exercise intervention was not targeted to individuals who displayed prior alterations to isokinetic muscular strength and performance, and this approach was discussed using the results of one member of the intervention group. In summary, the current project achieved the stated aims by discovering normative patterns of isokinetic muscular strength and performance according to age and seasonal variation. Injury risk attenuation strategies were targeted appropriately to the U18 age group following a break from football activity. However, the applied evidence based exercise may have been more effective if targeted to 'risk' after isokinetic screening.

Author: David H. Perrin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 232

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Book Description
Isokinetic Exercise and Assessment not only presents a scientific basis for the use of isokinetics, it also provides practical guidelines for applying isokinetics in clinical practice. This approach, plus the book's extensive normative value tables, makes it a suitable textbook and reference for students and practitioners of athletic training, physiotherapy, rehabilitation medicine, and strength training.

Author: Zeevi Dvir
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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It is over 25 years since isokinetic dynamometry was first introduced into clinical practice and exercise science. Physical therapy, in particular, has benefited significantly from this technology, which rapidly became the tool of choice in hundreds of research papers as well as the cornerstone of quantitative muscle performance assessment in the clinical setting. About 1984, the technology behind isokinetic dynamometry made considerable progress when computers were incorporated to control the hardware, that is the integral power sources and the on-line processing of mechanical signals. This enabled users to establish a common basis for carrying out eccentric contractions and to obtain comprehensive information on muscle strength immediately. This book does not pretend to cover all the topics that have been examined under isokinetics. Nor is it intended to be a quick and superficial introduction to clinical applications. Rather, it is aimed at those who have at least some experience and are at a stage where they are beginning to ask some very serious questions and would not necessarily be happy with very simple answers.

Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309262879
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 229

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Physical fitness affects our ability to function and be active. At poor levels, it is associated with such health outcomes as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical fitness testing in American youth was established on a large scale in the 1950s with an early focus on performance-related fitness that gradually gave way to an emphasis on health-related fitness. Using appropriately selected measures to collected fitness data in youth will advance our understanding of how fitness among youth translates into better health. In Fitness Measures and Health Outcomes in Youth, the IOM assesses the relationship between youth fitness test items and health outcomes, recommends the best fitness test items, provides guidance for interpreting fitness scores, and provides an agenda for needed research. The report concludes that selected cardiorespiratory endurance, musculoskeletal fitness, and body composition measures should be in fitness surveys and in schools. Collecting fitness data nationally and in schools helps with setting and achieving fitness goals and priorities for public health at an individual and national level.

Author: Neil Armstrong
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192843966
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 785

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The 4th edition of the Oxford Textbook of Children's Sport and Exercise Medicine is the definitive single-volume reference in the field presented in four sections Exercise Science; Exercise Medicine; Sport Science; and Sport Medicine.

Author: Florian Loffing
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128016914
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 382

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Laterality in Sports: Theories and Applications summarizes recent research on the neurophysiological foundations of handedness, and how left or right lateralization (affecting primary hand use, foot use, and eye use) affects motor control, performance outcome, skill acquisition, and achievement of sports expertise—both for one-on-one sports and team sports. As laterality research has matured, greater focus has been given to applications in human endeavours and, in particular, sport. The book examines performance within individual sports, and discusses the coaching ramifications of coaching to a specific lateralization preference. Describes the neurophysiological foundations of handedness Discusses the origins and development of laterality in humans Summarizes the impact of laterality on motor control and sports performance Encompasses research on both individual and team sports Includes research on skill acquisition, coaching, and development of expertise Covers research on laterality in preferred hand, foot, and eye use in sports

Author: James Richard Sexsmith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Isokinetic exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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Author: Neil Armstrong
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199232482
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 669

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This text explains the principles of developmental exercise science, assessment of performance, the promotion of young people's health and well-being, and the clinical diagnosis and management of sports injuries in children and adolescents.